Cognitive Processes in Understanding and Using Scientific Diagrams

理解和使用科学图表的认知过程

• 批准号: 8855582
• 负责人: Roy Pea
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institute for Research on Learning
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-09-15 至 1991-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8855582&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cognitive; Processes; Understanding; Using; Scientific

Cognitive research indicates that science experts commonly use diagrams as mediational tools for reasoning visually. But in science education materials and practices, visuals are typically "aids" rather than fundamental representations. This research will examine how students learn to comprehend, use, and construct diagrams as thinking tools. It will focus on the diagram-dense field of beginning optics. The project has two interacting phases: research on how students understand static optics diagrams, and development and refinement of prototype computer- based dynamic diagrams and diagramming tools. Specific tasks are: (1) Pilot research, and analysis of diagrams in optics texts, (2) research on instructional practices with these diagrams, (3) research on student understanding and use of diagrams, (4) design and develop interactive diagrams and a dynamic diagram-construction kit, (5) carry out research with prototypes, and (6) formulate and disseminate implications for creation and use of interactive diagrams in science education. Such research on visual education in science will help guide development of new curricula and software for science education. The project team of cognitive scientists, science educators, graphics specialists, and systems developers is devoted to promoting learning and reasoning in science with new data, theory, and innovative prototypes of dynamic diagrams. These interdisciplinary activities more directly link science education research, materials development, and classroom activities. Cost sharing is provided by the Institute for Research on Learning which is contributing indirect costs and APPEL which is contributing four MacIntosh II systems.

认知研究表明，科学专家通常使用图表作为视觉推理的中介工具。但在科学教育材料和实践中，视觉效果通常是“辅助工具”，而不是基本的表现形式。本研究将考察学生如何学习理解、使用和构建作为思维工具的图表。它将集中于初始光学的密集图场。该计划有两个相互作用的阶段：研究学生如何理解静态光学图，以及开发和改进基于计算机的原型动态图和绘图工具。具体任务是：(1)对光学教材中的图表进行试点研究和分析，(2)对这些图表的教学实践进行研究，(3)研究学生对图表的理解和使用，(4)设计和开发交互式图表和动态图表构建工具包，(5)开展原型研究，(6)制定和传播交互式图表在科学教育中的创作和使用的含义。科学视觉教育的研究将有助于指导科学教育新课程和新软件的开发。由认知科学家、科学教育家、图形专家和系统开发人员组成的项目团队致力于通过新的数据、理论和动态图的创新原型来促进科学中的学习和推理。这些跨学科活动更直接地将科学教育研究、材料开发和课堂活动联系起来。费用分担由提供间接费用的学习研究所和提供四台麦金塔II系统的阿普勒研究所提供。