U.S.-China Cooperative Research (Biology): Determinants of Lifetime Reproductive Success in the Small Mammal, the Black-Lipped Pika

中美合作研究（生物学）：小型哺乳动物黑唇鼠兔终生繁殖成功的决定因素

• 批准号: 8920440
• 负责人: Andrew Smith
• 金额: $ 6.23万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-06-15 至 1992-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8920440&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: U.S.; China; Cooperative; Research; Biology

This is a two.year collaborative project between two American principal investigators .. Andrew T. Smith of Arizona State University and F. Stephen Dobson of Auburn University .. and Wang Xuegao of the Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This institute is located in the city of Xining in the Qinghai.Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau. Direct observation of the number of offspring produced in a lifetime by each member of a known set of individuals, or "Lifetime Reproductive Success (LRS)" is an important measure indicating fitness differences between the sexes or among individuals that live under different social or ecological conditions. Studies of LRS are essential for a broad understanding of adaptation in a social context. Professors Smith and Dobson will measure LRS for a natural population of black.lipped pikas (>Ochotona> >curzoniae>), small mammals related to rabbits that inhabit alpine meadows on the Qinghai.Tibetan Plateau. Black.lipped pikas present a model system for such an investigati>on because: 1) high mortality rates cause a nearly complete annual turnover in the population; 2) high population density ensures a large number of cohesive families (the primary social unit); 3) most environmental factors associated with LRS can be easily measured; 4) among families a variety of mating systems (monogamy, polygyny, polyandry) are simultaneously present; and 5) these mating systems are formed annually during a short episode of male dispersal, and once formed each family mating system remains stable throughout the year. These characteristics allow for contrast of LRS between males and females concurrently occupying different mating systems.

这是两位美国首席调查员之间为期两年的合作项目。亚利桑那州立大学的安德鲁·T·史密斯和奥本大学的F·斯蒂芬·多布森。和中国科学院西北高原生物研究所的王学高。该研究所位于青藏高原西宁市。直接观察一组已知个体中的每个成员在一生中产生的后代数量，或“终生生殖成功(LRS)”是一个重要的衡量标准，表明不同性别之间或生活在不同社会或生态条件下的个人之间的健康差异。对LRS的研究对于更广泛地理解社会背景下的适应是必不可少的。史密斯教授和多布森教授将测量黑唇鼠兔自然种群的LRS。)，与生活在青海青藏高原高山草甸的兔子有关的小型哺乳动物。黑嘴鼠兔为这种调查提供了一个模式系统，因为：1)高死亡率导致人口几乎完成年度更替；2)高人口密度确保了大量凝聚力强的家庭(主要社会单位)；3)与LRS相关的大多数环境因素易于测量；4)在家庭中，同时存在多种交配制度(一夫一妻制、一夫多妻制、多夫制)；5)这些交配系统每年在雄性扩散的一小段时间内形成，一旦形成，每个家庭的交配系统在一年中保持稳定。这些特征允许同时占据不同交配系统的雄性和雌性之间的LRS形成对比。