The Use of Land-Use Planning and State Planning Mandates in Hazard Mitigation: A Comparative Evaluation of State and Local Experience

土地利用规划和国家规划指令在减灾中的运用：州和地方经验的比较评估

• 批准号: 8922346
• 负责人: Raymond Burby
• 金额: $ 26.34万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-05-15 至 1993-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8922346&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Use; Land; Planning; State; Mandates

Land use planning has been advocated widely as an approach to coping with threats posed by earthquakes and other natural hazards, but the benefits expected of planning have yet to be documented and few local governments outside of states with planning mandates have included hazards elements in their comprehensive (general) plans. State mandates provide a promising means of increasing the use and effectiveness of local planning for areas subject to natural hazards, but not much is known about their effectiveness. This is a comparative study of three states designed to contribute to improved management of natural hazards by providing answers to four critical research questions: 1. Are state comprehensive (general) planning mandates producing local government land use plans which address important hazard mitigation issues, such as specification of appropriate land uses for areas subject to natural hazards, protection of lifelines, and identification of opportunities for retrofitting? 2. To what extent are the potential benefits of land use planning for areas subject to natural hazards being realized in practice? 3. To what extent have plans and associated policies for hazardous areas been implemented through the adoption of development management regulations and other measures and the imposition of appropriate hazard mitigation conditions during development review and permitting? 4. What factors (including the presence and form of state planning mandates) are associated with variation in plan preparation and implementation among local governments? How can knowledge of those factors be used to devise and implement more effective mandates?

土地利用规划作为一种应对地震和其他自然灾害威胁的方法得到了广泛的提倡，但是规划的预期效益还没有被记录下来，而且很少有州以外的地方政府在他们的综合（一般）计划中包括了危害因素。国家授权提供了一种很有希望的手段，可以增加自然灾害地区地方规划的使用和有效性，但对其有效性了解不多。这是一项对三个州的比较研究，旨在通过提供四个关键研究问题的答案来改善自然灾害的管理：1。州综合（总体）规划任务是否制定了地方政府土地使用计划，以解决重要的减灾问题？例如，为易受自然灾害影响的地区指明适当的土地用途、保护生命线、识别改造的机会？2. 在实践中，对易受自然灾害影响地区进行土地利用规划的潜在好处在多大程度上得以实现？3. 通过制定发展管理条例和其他措施以及采取适当的减灾措施，在多大程度上执行了危险地区的计划和相关政策开发审查和许可期间的情况？4. 哪些因素（包括国家规划授权的存在和形式）与地方政府在计划准备和实施方面的差异有关？如何利用对这些因素的了解来制定和执行更有效的任务？