Presidential Young Investigators Award

总统青年研究员奖

• 批准号: 8958632
• 负责人: Daniel Hammer
• 金额: $ 21.2万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-07-01 至 1995-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8958632&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Presidential; Young; Investigators; Award

Cell behavior is strongly influenced by cell surface receptor macromolecules. Both theory and experiment will be used to study the role of receptors in several important biological processes including cell adhesion, viral infection, vesicle fusion and membrane signal transduction. Such information will allow the use of receptor-binding ligands to manipulate cell behavior in bioreactors, and develop therapies for aberrant biological processes. One area of interest is receptor-mediated cell adhesion to ligand-coated surfaces, found in cell separation technology, and in physiological precesses such as cancer cell metastasis. Well-defined extracellular matrix-like supports which contain receptor- binding ligands will be developed. Using these supports both the dynamic adhesion of leukocytes under flow conditions and the long-term adhesion, elongation and physiology of genetically engineered cells will be explored. In these problems, experiments are analyzed using mathematical models which employ, real fundamental parameters. Biotechnology holds immense promise for the future. In order to engineer cellular behavior for commercial and societal gain, it is necessary to understand cellular behavior on a fundamental basis. For example, to elicit the synthesis of high value pharmaceuticals from cells, or treat diseases which result from malfunctioning cells, it is necessary to have detailed information about how the cell works. Molecules on the cell surface called receptors are extremely important in tranducing information to the cell. It is proposed to study how to exploit cell receptors to manipulate and modify cellular behavior. Using both mathematical modelling and experimental techniques, the quantitative relationship between receptors and cell behavior in several important processes such as the adhesion of cells to surfaces, the adhesion of viruses to cells, and the secretion of proteins will be studied. This understanding can then be used to develop bioreactors for pharmaceutical production, treat adhesion- related diseases such as the spread of cancer cells through the body, separate cells more efficiently, or block the progression of virally transmitted diseases, such as AIDS.

细胞行为受细胞表面受体大分子的强烈影响。理论和实验将用于研究受体在细胞粘附、病毒感染、囊泡融合和膜信号转导等几个重要生物学过程中的作用。这些信息将允许使用受体结合配体来操纵生物反应器中的细胞行为，并开发异常生物过程的治疗方法。一个感兴趣的领域是受体介导的细胞粘附到配体表面，发现在细胞分离技术和生理过程，如癌细胞转移。包含受体结合配体的明确的细胞外基质样支撑将被开发。利用这些支持，白细胞在流动条件下的动态粘附和基因工程细胞的长期粘附，延伸和生理将被探索。在这些问题中，实验采用采用真实基本参数的数学模型进行分析。生物技术在未来有着巨大的前景。为了为商业和社会利益设计细胞行为，有必要在基本的基础上理解细胞行为。例如，为了从细胞中合成高价值的药物，或治疗由细胞功能失调引起的疾病，有必要了解细胞如何工作的详细信息。细胞表面被称为受体的分子在将信息传递到细胞中是极其重要的。提出了如何利用细胞受体来操纵和改变细胞行为的研究。使用数学模型和实验技术，受体和细胞行为之间的定量关系在几个重要的过程，如细胞表面的粘附，病毒对细胞的粘附，和蛋白质的分泌将被研究。这种认识可以用来开发用于制药生产的生物反应器，治疗与黏附相关的疾病，如癌细胞在体内的扩散，更有效地分离细胞，或阻止艾滋病等病毒传播疾病的发展。