RUI: Evolution of Acetylcholinesterase

RUI：乙酰胆碱酯酶的进化

• 批准号: 9010710
• 负责人: Leo Pezzementi
• 金额: $ 12.44万
• 依托单位: Birmingham Southern College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-09-01 至 1994-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9010710&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Evolution; Acetylcholinesterase

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that plays a very important role in the communication between nerve and muscle, by breaking down acetylcholine, the chemical neurotransmitter released by the motor nerve, and terminating its action. Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) is a very closely related enzyme whose function is still unknown. Both of these enzymes are present in higher chordates (vertebrates). The principal investigator found that the cholinesterase (ChE) of amphioxus, a primitive chordate, has properties intermediate to AChE and BuChE. The principal investigator suggests that this ChE resembles the ancestral esterase and that AChE and BuChE have appeared as a result of a gene duplication event early in chordate evolution, with subsequent structural and functional divergence of the two enzymes. The principal investigator plans to investigate this hypothesis by using biochemical and pharmacological techniques to study the ChE activity of three primitive organisms -- the agnathan vertebrate Petromyzon, the cephalochordate amphioxus, and the urochordate Ciona, and by using the techniques of recombinant DNA technology to investigate the genes coding for these enzymes, and their sequence similarities to the genes for AChE and BuChE from higher organisms. These studies will provide a detailed picture of the cholinesterases from these organisms at the protein and nucleic acid levels, and should provide information about the evolution, structure/function relationships, and genetic regulation of the enzyme.

乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）是一种酶， 在神经和肌肉之间的沟通中发挥重要作用， 分解乙酰胆碱，一种化学神经递质 由运动神经释放并终止其作用。 丁酰胆碱酯酶（BuChE）是一种非常密切相关的酶 其功能尚不清楚。 这两种酶都是 存在于高等脊索动物（脊椎动物）中。 校长 研究人员发现，文昌鱼的胆碱酯酶（ChE）， 原始脊索动物，具有乙酰胆碱酯酶的中间性质， BuChE 首席研究员认为， 胆碱酯酶类似于祖先的酯酶，AChE和BuChE具有 出现的原因是早期的基因复制事件， 脊索动物进化，随后的结构和功能 两种酶的差异。 首席研究员计划 为了研究这一假说， 药理学技术来研究三种胆碱酯酶的活性 原始生物--无颌脊椎动物Petromyzon， 头索动物文昌鱼和尾索动物海鞘， 利用重组DNA技术， 编码这些酶的基因及其序列 与高等动物AChE和BuChE基因的相似性 有机体 这些研究将提供一个详细的图片， 胆碱酯酶从这些生物体的蛋白质和核酸 酸水平，并应提供有关演变的信息， 结构/功能的关系，以及基因调控， 酵素