Exemplar-Based Processing in Social Judgement

目前的理论强调，感知者严重依赖于他们的 对特定人做出判断的一般知识。 为 例如，刻板印象被认为涉及应用 对社会群体特征的一般认识， 感知者做出判断或形成对一个人的期望。 属于该团体成员个人。 但这 视角需要额外的假设来解释 观察，并没有考虑到感知者的判断 关于一个人是两个或多个不同的 存在刻板印象的群体（例如，女海军）。 该建议概述了四个实验室实验和计算机 模拟发展和测试社会判断的新理论。 这一理论认为，感知者灵活地访问和应用他们的 关于具体人员的知识-除了他们的一般知识之外 知识--对他人做出判断。 使用这种 范例信息取决于感知者目标的各个方面， 过去的经验，和小组成员以及目前的 社会状况。 这一理论有望揭示 定型过程中以前存在问题的方面， 提出了一套新的研究方向， 感知和社会判断。

Current theories emphasize that perceivers rely heavily on their general knowledge in making judgments about specific people. For example, stereotyping is thought to involve the application of general knowledge about characteristics of a social group as the perceiver makes judgments or forms expectations about an individual who is a member of that group. However, this perspective requires additional assumptions to account for observations, and does not account for perceivers' judgments about an individual who is a member of two or more distinct groups about whom stereotypes exist (e.g., a female Marine). This proposal outlines four laboratory experiments and computer simulations to develop and test a new theory of social judgment. This theory holds that perceivers flexibly access and apply their knowledge about specific persons--in addition to their general knowledge--to make judgments about other people. The use of such exemplar information depends on aspects of the perceiver's goals, past experiences, and group memberships as well as the current social situation. This theory promises to shed new light on previously problematic aspects of the stereotyping processes, and suggests a new set of directions for research on person perception and social judgment in general.