Diversity of Terrestrial Locomotor Design: Mechanics and Energetics

陆地运动设计的多样性：力学和能量学

• 批准号: 9205844
• 负责人: Robert Full
• 金额: $ 28.35万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-09-15 至 1996-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9205844&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Diversity; Terrestrial; Locomotor; Design; Mechanics

The general objective of the proposed research is to determine the limits of performance during non-steady state, intermittent activity in order to reveal general principles of organismal design. Our objective will be accomplished by exploiting the enormous variation in the way animals are built for legged terrestrial locomotion. Energy, oxygen transport and musculo- skeletal systems have been well studied during steady-state, constant speed locomotion, but these systems must also function under non-steady state, transient conditions. We propose to test whether or not performance limits established under steady-state exercise is conducted intermittently. We will determine the extent to which endurance during intermittent locomotion in arthropods is dependent on exercise period duration, pause period duration, the ratio of exercise to pause duration, and the speed during the exercise period. We will also test whether or not the cost of intermittent locomotion, both per time and per distance, is more expensive than continuous locomotion at the same average speed when both aerobic and anaerobic sources are considered. Finally, we will determine the physiological correlates of intermittent exercise performance. We will both measure and model correlates of fatigue causing agents that accumulate during exercise periods, but are removed, reduced or cleared during the pause periods and fatigue causing agents that accumulate during the pause periods. The proposed research on intermittent locomotion attempts to advance the previous paradigm based on steady-state locomotion and takes the next step logical to the development of a general theory of activity.

本研究的总体目标是确定非稳态、间歇性活动期间的性能极限，以揭示有机体设计的一般原理。我们的目标将通过利用动物在陆地上进行腿式运动的方式的巨大变化来实现。能量、氧气输送和肌肉骨骼系统在稳态、恒速运动过程中已得到充分研究，但这些系统也必须在非稳态、瞬态条件下发挥作用。我们建议测试稳态运动下建立的性能限制是否间歇性地进行。我们将确定节肢动物间歇运动期间的耐力在多大程度上取决于运动期持续时间、暂停期持续时间、运动与暂停持续时间的比率以及运动期间的速度。我们还将测试当考虑有氧和无氧来源时，间歇运动的每次和每距离的成本是否比相同平均速度的连续运动更昂贵。最后，我们将确定间歇性运动表现的生理相关性。我们将测量和建模在运动期间积累但在暂停期间被去除、减少或清除的疲劳引起因素以及在暂停期间积累的疲劳引起因素的相关性。所提出的间歇性运动研究试图推进先前基于稳态运动的范式，并采取符合活动一般理论发展的下一步逻辑。