Human Capital, Social Partitions, Cities and Growth

人力资本、社会分化、城市与增长

• 批准号: 9209267
• 负责人: Roland Benabou
• 金额: $ 6.78万
• 依托单位: National Bureau of Economic Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-07-01 至 1994-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9209267&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Human; Capital; Social; Partitions; Cities

This project will study how human capital externalities lead individuals to coalesce into groups and will show that this self- partitioning sheds light on a number of important issues: economic segregation, the effectiveness and costs of education, the organization of cities, ghettos, labor productivity and long term growth. The project consists of three parts. The first one will develop a model of a city composed of several communities, formalizing the links between residential choice, skills acquisition, and overall productivity. It will show how local externalities in human capital investment induce self- segregation by occupation, and how this affects the composition of the labor force. In particular it can lead other areas to drop out of the labor force and become unproductive "ghettos." The analysis will show that underemployment is more extensive, the easier it is for high-skilled workers to isolate themselves from others, but that at the same time their attempts to do so may be self- defeating. The second part will extend the analysis to two other issues concerning the structure and productivity of cities. The first is the value of local diversity in land uses and its tendency to self- destruct under market pressures. The second is the recent exodus of firms, hence jobs and taxes, out of central cities into suburbs, and its implications for employment and income distribution. The third part will study the implications of group formation for long term macroeconomic growth. It will add to recent models of endogenous growth by recognizing that individuals can choose the group from which they receive human capital spillovers (school, neighborhood, city, state), although at a price: land and other rents on non-reproducible factors reflect the quality of the externality which group membership confers.

本项目将研究人力资本外部性如何导致个人联合成群体，并将表明这种自我划分揭示了一些重要问题：经济隔离、教育的有效性和成本、城市组织、贫民窟、劳动生产率和长期增长。该项目由三部分组成。第一个项目将开发一个由多个社区组成的城市模型，将住宅选择、技能获取和整体生产力之间的联系正式化。它将展示人力资本投资的地方外部性如何导致职业的自我隔离，以及这如何影响劳动力的构成。特别是，它可能导致其他地区的劳动力流失，成为生产力低下的“贫民窟”。分析将表明，就业不足的范围越广，高技能工人就越容易将自己与他人隔离开来，但与此同时，他们这样做的尝试可能会弄巧成拙。第二部分将对另外两个关于城市结构和生产力的问题展开分析。第一个问题是地方土地利用多样性的价值及其在市场压力下自我毁灭的趋势。二是最近企业从中心城市迁往郊区，从而导致就业和税收的流失，以及这对就业和收入分配的影响。第三部分将研究群体形成对长期宏观经济增长的影响。它将补充最近的内生增长模型，承认个人可以选择从中获得人力资本溢出效应的群体（学校、社区、城市、州），尽管这是有代价的：土地和其他不可复制因素的租金反映了群体成员身份所赋予的外部性的质量。