A Novel Approach to the Optimal Design of Hybrid Waste-Recovery Processes

危险废物最小化意味着减少危险废物， 在处理、储存或 处置 它代表了一种有效的预防方法 向环境中释放有害物质。 一个 处理尽量减少废物问题的有效方法是 通过使用现场回收/再利用分离网络。 除了有利的环境影响外， 采用这种废物回收方法可以提供 具有经济吸引力的废物管理替代方案。 它可以 导致显著能源和原材料节省， 可能从可出售的废物中提供收入。 与更多 超过2.5亿吨的危险废物被处理在 每年在美国各地的发电站， 废物回收/再利用的主张正成为一种可取的做法， 工业实践。 本项目的目标是设计一种新的方法 用于混合废物回收网络的优化设计。 这项任务涉及开发实用工具， 系统地整合和筛选众多潜在的 废物分离系统以及更经典的系统， 如蒸馏和质量交换。 问题就 制定为最优网络合成任务， 最大限度地减少联合国系统 系统，同时实现所有指定的废物减少 职责 这个公式包含了所有潜在的过程 感兴趣的替代品，并提供了一个工具，提出这一点 设计任务作为一个优化问题。 解决这一 问题确定最佳组合，安排， 分离的类型、尺寸和操作条件 用于特定废物回收任务的工艺。 这种方法将通过三个代表性的 案例：渗透汽化网络的合成，逆- 渗透系统和反渗透-质量交换混合系统 流程.

Hazardous-waste minimization means the reduction of hazardous waste that is generated prior to its treatment, storage or disposal. It represents an efficient method for preventing the release of hazardous substances to the environment. An effective way of tackling waste-minimization problems is through the use of on-site recycle/reuse separation networks. In addition to its favorable environmental impact, the adoption of this waste-recovery approach can provide an economically attractive waste-management alternative. It can lead to significant energy and raw-materials savings and possibly provide income from the salable wastes. With more than 250 million tons of hazardous wastes disposed of at the generating sites throughout the United States annually, the proposition of waste recycle/reuse is becoming a desirable industrial practice. The objective of this project is to devise a new methodology for the optimal design of hybrid waste-recovery networks. This task involves the development of practical tools for the systematic integration and screening of the numerous potential waste-separation systems as well as more classical ones such as distillation and mass exchange. The problem will be formulated as an optimal-network synthesis task with the objective of minimizing the total annualized cost of the system while achieving all the assigned waste-reduction duties. This formulation embeds all the potential process alternatives of interest and provides a tool for posing this design task as an optimization problem. The solution of this problem identifies the optimal combination, arrangement, types, sizes and operating conditions of the separation processes to be employed for a given waste-recovery task. This approach will be elucidated via three representative cases: the synthesis of pervaporation networks, reverse- osmosis systems, and reverse-osmosis-mass-exchange hybrid processes.