The Determinants of Industrial Location and Urban Air Quality

本项目从当前和历史条件两方面探讨了工业选址的决定因素。所涉及的问题包括：美国不同的制造业集中在哪些城市地点？随着时间的推移，地点模式的持久性有多大？持久性能否与动态外部性联系起来？反映各种外部性的措施对生产率指标的影响有多大？工业选址模式与当地空气质量之间的直接联系有多紧密？在过去二十年，随着环境监管的加强，这种联系是否有所减弱？考虑到空气质量通过残疾资本化效应对工资和租金的影响，从而影响企业的成本，那么空气质量和工业选址决策之间的间接联系是什么？对于美国的大都市地区，本研究结合了1970年人口普查第六次统计的数据（详细的行业就业），1972年制造业普查，1987年制造业普查，以及1970年和1987年县商业模式出版物（填补因披露原因审查而造成的制造业普查中的漏洞）。和其他政府来源（市和县数据手册，州和都市区数据手册，以及EPA出版物）。这些数据用于估计工业所在地、其经营规模、生产率以及外部规模经济的性质和程度的计量经济模型。它们被用来估计城市空气质量决定因素的模型，解释空气质量与工业构成、空气质量与工资和租金、工业构成与工资和租金之间的相互作用。

This project explores the determinants of industrial location i n terms of both current and historical conditions. The questions addressed include: In what urban locations do different manufacturing industries in the USA concentrate and how much persistence in location patterns is there over time? Can persistence be linked to dynamic externalities and how strongly do measures reflecting various externalities affect productivity measures? How strong is the direct link between industrial location patterns and local air quality and has the link weakened in the last twenty years with stronger environmental regulation? What is the indirect link between air quality and industrial location decisions, given the impact of air quality on wages and rents through disamenity capitalization effects, which impact firms' costs? For metropolitan areas in the USA this study combines data from the Sixth Count of the 1970 Population census (detailed industry employment), the 1972 Census of Manufacturing, the 1987 Census of Manufacturing, and the 1970 and 1987 County Business Patterns publication (to fill in holes in the Census of Manufacturing created by censoring for disclosure reasons), and other government sources (City and County data Book, State and Metro Area Data Book, and EPA publications). These data are used to estimate econometric models of where industries locate, their scale of operation, their productivity, and the nature and extent of external economies of scale. They are used to estimate models of the determinants of urban air quality, account for the interactions between air quality and industrial composition, air quality and wages and rents, and industrial composition and wages and rents.