Perceptual Speed, Switching, and Temporal Acuity Factors

除了精细的空间敏锐度，还有大量的视觉能力，人们可以预期在这些能力上存在可靠的差异。其中一种没有得到足够关注的能力是时间敏锐度，即解决随时间呈现的刺激的能力。第一阶段小型企业创新研究(SBIR)研究的结果为一种新的人类表现测量产品奠定了技术基础，该产品的目的是通过一系列测试测量视觉时间敏锐度。第二阶段研究的研究目标侧重于收集必要的数据，通过将时间视力测量从目前的电池转移到新的、更快的计算机硬件上，将视觉时间现象的实验室演示带到实验室外有用的水平；开发和测试新的候选时间视觉测量；开发综合性能任务(具有大量视觉成分的任务，需要对嵌入在大而可变的视野中的精细视觉细节保持警觉和快速反应)；收集与合成任务的性能有关的时间敏感度电池(TAB)测量的数据；开发可靠性与时间的权衡函数，并建立实践指南，直至稳定性和长期可靠性；收集其他实验室空间和时间视觉测试的数据(例如静态和动态对比敏感度)作为TAB的相关性；进行评估酒精和老化对时间敏感度的影响的研究；汇集从所有研究收集的数据以执行电池的因素分析；以及建立电池原型。该项目旨在建立一个评估系统，为考试管理人员提供关于实地研究和工作场所的有用数据解释和预测。这样的系统可以帮助我们理解如何提高时间视敏度性能，达到工作、任务、休闲活动所需的程度，以及如何识别视觉显示的时间方面，从而在工程设计中提高理解。

Over and above fine-spatial acuity, a substantial number of visual capabilities exist on which persons can be expected to differ reliably. One such capability which has received insufficient attention is temporal acuity, the capability to resolve stimuli which are presented over time. Results of the Phase I Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) study establish the technical basis for a new human performance measurement product that has as its purpose the measurement of visual temporal acuity with a battery of tests. The research objectives of the Phase II study focus on collecting data necessary to bring laboratory demonstrations of temporal phenomena in vision to a level useful outside the laboratory by moving the temporal acuity measures from the present battery to the new and faster computer hardware; developing and testing new candidate measures of temporal visual acuity; developing the synthetic performance task (a task with substantial visual components, requiring vigilance and quick response to fine visual detail embedded in a large and variable visual field); collecting data relating Temporal Acuity Battery (TAB) measures to performance on the synthetic task; developing reliability vs. time trade-off functions and establishing guidelines for practice until stability and long-term reliability; collecting data from other laboratory spatial and temporal visual tests (e.g., static and dynamic contrast sensitivity) to serve as correlates of the TAB; conducting studies assessing the effects of alcohol and aging on temporal acuity; pooling the data collected from all studies to perform Factor Analysis of the battery; and establishing the prototype battery. The project aims to produce an assessment system that provides test administrators with useful data interpretations and prediction on field studies and in the workplace. Such a system can contribute to our understanding of how to improve temporal visual acuity performance to the extent that such abilities are required for jobs, tasks, leisure activities and how to identify temporal aspects of visual displays so as to advance understanding in engineering design.