Temperature-Dependent Kinetics of Toxic Metals in Waste Incinerators

垃圾焚烧炉中有毒金属的温度依赖性动力学

• 批准号: 9301655
• 负责人: Arthur Fontijn
• 金额: $ 34.59万
• 依托单位: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-05-01 至 1996-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9301655&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Temperature; Dependent; Kinetics; Toxic; Metals

The goal of this program is determination of chemical kinetic data for reactions of metals involved in toxic emissions associated with incineration of waste materials. Reactions of nickel, lead, cadmium, chromium, and antimony, with HCl, O2, CO2, and Cl2 as oxidants, will be studied; atomic metals as well as metal oxides and halides will be included in this investigation. A uniyue set of facilities (high-temperature fast-flow and pseudo-static metals high-temperature photochemistry reactors) will be used to provide rate coefficient and mechanistic data on individual isolated reactions over a 300-1800K temperature range at pressures from 0.01 to 1.0 atmospheres. Laser-induced fluorescence and other optical and mass spectroscopic techniques will be employed for rate coefficient and product identification measurements. Information obtained from the experiments will be used to aid in estimation of kinetics for reactions of metal species other than those addressed in the experiments. This work is a logical continuation/extension of current studies being conducted by the PI under NSF and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) funding. The presence of many metallic species in municipal, hazardous, and biomedical waste incinerators can lead to emissions of toxic gaseous molecules and fly ash, as well as production of toxic components in bottom ash and slag. The combustion process influences the distribution of the metals among these various "products" and their particle size and oxidation state, as well as the ease of leaching of the residual solids. This work is also relevant to combustion processes used to decontaminate soils, since these can lead to similar gaseous and particle emissions, and to emissions from high-temperature industrial devices such as glass smelters, calciners, aluminum furnaces, and lead smelters.

该计划的目标是确定与焚烧废物有关的有毒排放物中金属反应的化学动力学数据。将研究镍、铅、镉、铬和锑与HCl、O2、CO2和Cl2作为氧化剂的反应；原子金属以及金属氧化物和卤化物将包括在这项研究中。一套uniyue设备（高温快流和伪静态金属高温光化学反应器）将用于在0.01至1.0个大气压下，在300-1800K温度范围内提供单个孤立反应的速率系数和机理数据。激光诱导荧光和其他光学和质谱技术将用于速率系数和产品识别测量。从实验中获得的信息将用于帮助估计实验中提到的金属种类以外的反应的动力学。这项工作是PI在NSF和空军科学研究办公室（AFOSR）资助下进行的当前研究的逻辑延续/延伸。在城市垃圾、危险垃圾和生物医学垃圾焚烧炉中，许多金属物种的存在会导致有毒气体分子和飞灰的排放，以及底灰和炉渣中有毒成分的产生。燃烧过程影响金属在这些不同“产物”中的分布及其颗粒大小和氧化状态，以及残余固体的浸出难易程度。这项工作也与用于净化土壤的燃烧过程有关，因为这些过程可能导致类似的气体和颗粒排放，以及来自玻璃冶炼厂、煅烧炉、铝炉和铅冶炼厂等高温工业设备的排放。