Protohistoric Zuni Social and Political Organization

小行星9318701 在国家科学基金会的支持下，基思金泰博士将分析位于纽约市、波士顿和英国剑桥的博物馆藏品和相关文献。 这些数据将与手头的材料相结合，并发表在一本专著中，该专著追溯了公元前2000年至公元前3000年之间祖尼美洲土著人定居模式和社会组织的变化。 公元1240年和1540年。在19世纪末和世纪初，在三个史前祖尼城镇进行了重大的考古发掘：Heshotauthla，Halona和Alhipawan。工程的规模在今天是不可能的，所有工地都有大面积暴露。虽然进行了广泛的实地记录，但没有一个地点的材料得到了充分的分析和发表，Kintigh博士希望检查这些数据，并将其纳入他自己对祖尼史前史的大规模分析中。 祖尼的情况是特别重要的，因为该地区是在美国的一个非常少的，丰富的考古记录文件1000年的文化连续性与现代群体具有强大的传统文化和丰富的人种学记录。公元1240年至1540年是一个特别重要的时期，因为在这段时间里，祖尼首先聚集成几个大的定居点，然后搬迁到更多的规划城镇，然后最终建立了那些村庄，当西班牙人进入该地区时，这些村庄被占领。因此，这一记录使人们能够追溯复杂社会的发展以及随后伴随着向较小定居点的转变而发生的社会变迁。其结果将有助于了解人口聚集和组织复杂性增加所涉及的基本过程。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将为许多区域考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它还将揭示欧洲入侵对美洲土著人民的影响。由于整个美国西南部的史前社会和政治变化似乎是相互关联的，对祖尼情况的深入了解将有利于更广泛的考古调查。 ***

9318701 Kintigh With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Keith Kintigh will analyze museum collections and associated documentation located in institutions in New York city, Boston and Cambridge England.. These data will be integrated with materials in hand and published in a monograph which traces changes in Zuni Native American settlement pattern and social organization between ca. 1240 and 1540 AD. In the late 19th and early 20th century major archaeological excavations were conducted at three prehistoric Zuni towns: Heshotauthla, Halona and Kechipawan. Work proceeded at a scale which would be impossible today and at all sites large areas were exposed. While extensive field notes were taken, at none of the sites were the materials fully analyzed and published and Dr. Kintigh wishes to examine these data and incorporate them into his own broad scale analysis of Zuni prehistory. The Zuni case is particularly significant because the area is one of the very few in the United States where a fertile archaeological record documents 1000 years of cultural continuity with a modern group having a strong traditional culture and rich ethnographic record. The 1240-1540 AD period marks a particularly important interval because during this time Zuni first aggregated into a few large settlements, then relocated into a larger number of planned towns and then finally established the villages which were occupied when Spanish entered the region. Thus this record allows one to trace the development of complex society and the subsequent social shifts which accompanied the change to smaller settlements. The result will contribute to understanding of the underlying processes involved in population aggregation and increasing organizational complexity. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many regional archaeologists. It will also shed new light on the effects of European invasion on Native American peoples. Because la te prehistoric social and political changes throughout the U.S. Southwest appear to be inter-related, a refined understanding of the Zuni situation will benefit broader archaeological inquiries. ***