Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Community Formation, Migration, and Social Transformation in Ancestral Puebloan Society

在Keith Kintigh博士的指导下，Gregson Schachner将进行一项研究项目，旨在了解公元1200年新墨西哥州中西部El Morro山谷祖先普韦布洛人村庄的形成。在13世纪之前，埃尔莫罗山谷被附近的普韦布洛人用作资源集散地和零星的短期居住地。然而，到了公元1200年代晚期，成千上万的移民普韦布洛农民建立了一系列村庄，并将埃尔莫罗山谷变成了科罗拉多高原上最大的人口中心之一。Schachner的研究将利用对区域定居模式和陶瓷交换的分析来了解迁移过程及其对社区形成的影响。社会网络的形成构成了地方一级的社会互动，是确保人类住区成功的关键过程之一。这些网络在日常生活中的无处不在，使它们的出现似乎没有问题，而且是永恒的。然而，正是在这些网络形成的过程中，社区结构和传统可能发生巨大变化。Schachner的研究将考察移民群体进入无人居住地区后的一段时间内社区形成的过程，在这些地区，社区或地方的各个方面以前都没有定义。通过关注在这种情况下社区形成的各种方式，该项目将探索当地社会网络如何通过人类互动出现、运作和转变。Schachner的研究将采用双管齐下的比较方法，侧重于古代埃尔莫罗山谷的定居模式和陶瓷交换。聚落模式分析将突出多个村庄社区形成的年代、增长模式和社会规模。该项目还将采用仪器中子活化分析来跟踪两种不同陶瓷类型的交换，以评估移民人口的地理来源、新建立社区内的社会多样性，以及外部社会关系的维持，这些关系通常是人口流动和持续社会支持的关键渠道。通过使用多种方法和数据类型，Schachner的研究将为关注小规模社会中人口流动、社区形成和泛区域社会转型之间相互作用的学术研究做出贡献。这项研究是培养年轻学者的关键组成部分，并将有助于整合研究生和本科生研究人员的正在进行的项目。该项目的遗址和陶瓷数据将分别在新墨西哥文化资源信息系统和密苏里大学考古实验室陶瓷成分数据库中提供给其他学者。这个项目将构成博士论文的基础，在专业文章中进行总结，并以公开形式呈现。这项研究还关注了普韦布洛人祖先历史的一个关键时期，可能会引起当地部落人民的兴趣。此外，这项研究的实地工作主要是在私人土地上进行的，与当地土地所有者的持续合作为鼓励在迅速发展的地区保存考古遗址提供了一个重要途径。

Under the supervision of Dr. Keith Kintigh, Gregson Schachner will conduct a research project aimed at understanding the formation of ancestral Puebloan villages in the El Morro Valley of west-central New Mexico during the AD 1200s. Prior to the thirteenth century, the El Morro Valley was used by nearby Puebloan populations as a resource gathering area and for sporadic, short-term habitation. However, by the late AD 1200s, thousands of migrant Puebloan farmers founded a series of villages and transformed the El Morro Valley into one of the largest population centers on the Colorado Plateau. Schachner's research will utilize analyses of regional settlement patterns and ceramic exchange in order to understand the process of migration and its resulting effects on community formation.The formation of social networks that structure social interaction on a local level is one of the key processes ensuring successful human settlements. The ubiquity of these networks in daily life makes their appearance seem unproblematic and timeless. However, it is during the formation of these networks that dramatic changes in community structure and traditions may occur. Schachner's research will examine the process of community formation during a period following the movement of migrant groups into an uninhabited area where few aspects of community or place had been previously defined. By focusing on the variety of ways in which communities formed under these circumstances, this project will explore how local social networks emerge, function, and are transformed through human interaction.Schachner's study will employ a two-pronged, comparative methodology focused on ancient El Morro Valley settlement patterns and ceramic exchange. Settlement pattern analyses will highlight the chronology, patterns of growth, and social scale of community formation in multiple villages. This project will also employ instrumental neutron activation analysis to track the exchange of two different ceramic types in order to assess the geographic origins of migrant populations, social diversity within newly founded communities, and the maintenance of external social ties that are often key channels of population movement and continuing social support. By utilizing a variety of methods and types of data, Schachner's study will contribute to a growing body of scholarship that focuses on the interplay between population movement, community formation, and pan-regional social transformations in small-scale societies.This research is a key component of the training of a young scholar and will contribute to an ongoing project that integrates graduate and undergraduate researchers. Site and ceramic data from this project will be available to other scholars in the New Mexico Cultural Resource Information System and the University of Missouri Archaeometry Lab ceramic compositional database, respectively. This project will form the basis of a Ph.D. dissertation, be summarized in professional articles, and presented in public formats. This study also focuses on a key period of ancestral Puebloan history and may be of interest to local tribal peoples. In addition, fieldwork for this research has been largely conducted on private lands and ongoing cooperation with local landowners provides an important avenue for encouraging archaeological site preservation in a rapidly developing area.