Dissertation Research: Household Organization and Social Inequality at the Dionisio Point Village Site, Northwest Coast

在基思·金蒂格博士的指导下，科林·格里尔先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将在不列颠哥伦比亚省加利亚诺岛上的Dionisio Point进行考古发掘。该遗址包含五个大型史前房屋凹陷，测试挖掘产生了从2150-1400 BP的放射性碳年龄。这一点，除了对发现的文物进行风格分析外，还将该遗址置于西北海岸史前马波尔阶段。正是在这段时间里，人种学观察到的图案首次出现在考古记录中。由于有丰富和可靠的海洋和河流资源，特别是鲑鱼，西北海岸人民达到了狩猎者和采集者所特有的社会复杂性和社会分层的程度。他们居住在大的永久村庄，建造多户住宅，有世袭酋长和奴隶，并发动有组织的群体间战争。格里尔先生希望深入了解导致这种模式的过程。特别是，他计划研究社会不平等是如何发展起来的。无论是在民族志上，还是在Dionisio Point，精心建造的大型木板住宅都容纳了多个家庭。每个人都有自己的壁炉，并在房子里占据了一个单独的区域。在某种程度上，大家庭形成了一个有凝聚力的运作单位，个别家庭很可能是相互独立的。然而，在家庭内部，每个人都有各自的身份，格里尔先生希望确定平等主义在社会和经济层面上的适用程度。正是在马波尔时期，西北海岸出现了酋长领地，这项研究的基本目标是考察新兴酋长领地之间的关系和较小组成家族群体之间互动的性质。由于每个木屋内的个体家庭空间在考古上是如此明确，该遗址为研究这一问题提供了绝佳的条件。格里尔将在几座房屋内挖掘广阔的水平区域，并收集文物和动物遗骸。对这些材料的性质和数量在各个房屋内的家庭单元之间进行比较，然后在不同的房屋之间进行比较，将使他能够评估相对不平等的程度。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。随着这个更大的实体文化复杂性的增加，它将提供对家庭在社会中不断变化的角色的洞察。它还将帮助培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Keith Kintigh, Mr. Colin Grier will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will conduct archaeological excavation at Dionisio Point, located on Galiano Island in British Columbia. The site contains five large prehistoric house depressions and test excavations have produced radiocarbon dates ranging from 2150 - 1400 BP. This, in addition to stylistic analysis of artifacts recovered, places the site within the Marpole phase of Northwest Coast prehistory. It was during this time that ethnographically observed patterns first appear in the archaeological record. Because of the availability of rich and dependable ocean and riverine resources, especially salmon, Northwest Coast peoples reached a level of social complexity and social stratification unique among hunters and gatherers. They inhabited large permanent villages, constructed multi-family dwellings, had hereditary chiefs as well as slaves and waged organized intergroup warfare. Mr. Grier wishes to gain insight into the processes which led to this pattern. In particular he plans to examine how social inequality developed. Both ethnographically and at Dionisio Point large carefully constructed plank dwellings housed multiple families. Each had their own fireplace and occupied a separate area within the house. At one level the large household formed a cohesive functioning unit and it is highly likely that individual families were mutually independent. However within the household each maintained a separate identity and Mr. Grier wishes to determine the extent to which egalitarianism applied on both a social and economic level. It is during the Marpole phase that chiefdoms emerged on the Northwest coast and the underlying goal of the research is to examine the relationship between emerging chiefdoms and the nature of interaction between smaller constituent family groups. Because individual family space is so well defined archaeologically within each plank house, the site provides and excellent situation to study this question. Mr. Grier will excavate broad horizontal areas within several houses and collect both artifacts and faunal remains. Comparison of the nature and amount of these materials among family units within individual houses and then between houses will allow him to assess relative degrees of inequality. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide insight into the changing roles of families in society as this larger entity increases in cultural complexity. It will also assist in training a promising young scientist.