Flora of Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

马来西亚沙巴京那巴鲁山植物群

• 批准号: 9400888
• 负责人: John Beaman
• 金额: $ 19.31万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-08-01 至 1999-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9400888&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Flora; Mount; Kinabalu; Sabah; Malaysia

9400888 Beaman Taxonomic databases accessible by international networks are being developed for all vascular plants in the flora of Mount Kinabalu in the Malaysian state of Sabah in northern Borneo. The specimen database now includes more than 20,000 specimens that have been examined by the PI. Kinabalu has been said to have the richest flora in the world. This contention is supported by a database that includes some 4,500 species. Much of the flora is threatened with imminent destruction, but only about 30% of it has thus far been documented in enumerations by the PI and collaborators. An enumeration will be produced of the remaining 70% of the flora, about 3,150 species. The enumeration will cite type specimens and synonyms, characterize the habit, habitat and elevational distribution of each species, and list specimens examined. An index will be provided to collections cited. The databases will contribute to international efforts to preserve endangered species and exceptionally rich ad unique plant communities. A geographical information system (GIS) will be used to produce a map of Mount Kinabalu that documents locations where all specimens have been collected and shows the names of streams, rivers, other landforms, and settlements. Satellite imagery and global positioning system (GPS) data will make it possible to show the locations of major and minor roads. The imagery will also be used to interpret the occurrence of ultramafic substrates, vegetation types, primary and secondary forests and vegetation associated with human activites. Surface modeling techniques will be used to predict where taxa occur in unexplored areas, based on the topographic and edaphic characteristics of where they are known to occur. Biogeographic relationships among ultramafic areas on Mount Kinabalu and other ultramafic outcrops in Boreno will be analyzed in the context of phylogenetic relationships among ultramafic and non-ultramafic taxa. The GIS will also facilitate integrating taxonomic, ethno botanical and phytochemical databases into Kinabalu Park activities and monitoring aspects such as ecotourism development and illegal harvesting activities. Mount Kinabalu is one of the youngest mountains in the world, and its flora includes large numbers of closely related species that appear to be neo-endemics. A major reason for the species-rich flora appears related to special edaphic conditions (ultramafic substrates), frequently occurring droughts that result in selection of well-adapted genotypes, and small plant populations with limited gene flow because of the precipitous topography. Three genera (Dendrochilum, Orchidaceae; Elatostema, Urticacea; Polyosma, Grossulariaceae) will be analyzed by cladistic and GIS techniques in an effort to trace evolutionary lineages in groups of closely related species that may have undergone recent speciation, which may be correlated with local edaphic and topographic features. The Dendrochilum data set will be obtained from sequence analysis of the nuclear 18-26S rDNA ITS region. An ethnobotanical survey, closely linked to the floristic inventory, is being made to determine how the local Dusun people classify and use the flora. Dusun collaborators are making extensive collections of useful plants in their communities and are entering ethnobotanical information in a computerized database housed at Kinabalu Park headquarters. This project is helping researchers and Park personnel to identify culturally significant plant resources and to detect which useful species are most vulnerable to over-harvesting or habitat destruction. In addition, the survey is strengthening the link between the Park and local communities, enriching interpretive programs that serve the 200,000 annual visitors to the Park, and facilitating assessment of the subsistence and commercial value of native plants. The project will serve as a basis for Ph.D. dissertations by two Malaysian graduate students, one botanical and concerning the floristics and ecology of a presently une xplored region of Mount Kinabalu, the other applying GIS approaches to a study of the small mammal fauna of the mountain. Two American graduate students will prepare Ph.D. dissertation concerning biogeography, evolution, and speciation in the flora. Another American student will base his masters thesis in geography on the use of a Landsat image for determining occurrence of ultramafic substrates that appear to have great biological significance.

小行星9400888 目前正在为马来西亚北方婆罗洲沙巴的京那巴鲁山的所有植物群建立可供国际网络访问的分类学数据库。 标本数据库现在包括PI检查过的20，000多个标本。 京那巴鲁被认为拥有世界上最丰富的植物群。 这一论点得到了一个包括大约4,500个物种的数据库的支持。 大部分的植物群面临着即将毁灭的威胁，但到目前为止，只有大约30%的植物群被PI和合作者记录在案。 将对其余70%的植物群（约3,150种）进行计数。 枚举将引用模式标本和同义词，描述每个物种的习性，栖息地和海拔分布，并列出检查的标本。 将为所引用的收藏提供索引。 这些数据库将有助于国际社会保护濒危物种和特别丰富的独特植物群落。 将使用地理信息系统（GIS）制作一张京那巴鲁山地图，记录所有标本的采集地点，并显示溪流、河流、其他地貌和定居点的名称。 卫星图像和全球定位系统数据将能够显示主要道路和次要道路的位置。 这些图像还将用于解释超镁铁基质、植被类型、原生林和次生林以及与人类活动有关的植被的出现情况。 表面建模技术将用于预测分类群出现在未勘探地区，根据地形和土壤特征，他们是已知的发生。 将在超镁铁质和非超镁铁质分类群之间的系统发育关系的背景下，分析神山和其他超镁铁质露头的超镁铁质地区之间的生物地理关系。 地理信息系统还将促进将分类学、民族植物学和植物化学数据库纳入京那巴鲁公园的活动和监测方面，如生态旅游开发和非法采伐活动。 京那巴鲁山是世界上最年轻的山脉之一，它的植物群包括大量似乎是新特有的密切相关的物种。 物种丰富的植物群的一个主要原因似乎与特殊的土壤条件（超镁铁质基质），经常发生的干旱，导致选择适应良好的基因型，和小植物种群有限的基因流，因为陡峭的地形。 三个属（Dendrochilum，兰科;楼梯草，Urticacea; Polyosma，Grossulariaceae）将进行分析的分支系统和GIS技术，努力跟踪进化谱系组密切相关的物种，可能经历了最近的物种形成，这可能与当地的土壤和地形特征。 将从核18- 26 S rDNA ITS区的序列分析获得Dendrochilum数据集。 一项与植物区系目录密切相关的民族植物学调查正在进行，以确定当地的杜孙人如何分类和使用植物群。 Dusun的合作者正在他们的社区中广泛收集有用的植物，并将民族植物学信息输入Kinabalu公园总部的计算机数据库。 该项目正在帮助研究人员和公园工作人员确定具有文化意义的植物资源，并检测哪些有用的物种最容易受到过度捕捞或栖息地破坏。 此外，该调查还加强了公园与当地社区之间的联系，丰富了为每年20万公园游客服务的解说项目，并促进了对本土植物生存和商业价值的评估。 该项目将作为博士学位的基础。这是两名马来西亚研究生的论文，一名是植物学的，涉及目前尚未勘探的神山地区的植物区系和生态学，另一名是应用GIS方法研究神山的小型哺乳动物区系。 两名美国研究生将攻读博士学位。关于植物群的地理学、进化和物种形成的论文。 另一位美国学生将把他的地理学硕士论文建立在利用陆地卫星图像确定似乎具有重大生物意义的超镁铁基质的出现上。