Microeconomics of Political Economy and Policy Analysis

政治经济学微观经济学与政策分析

• 批准号: 9410190
• 负责人: Edward Green
• 金额: $ 15.63万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-08-15 至 1996-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9410190&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Microeconomics; Political; Economy; Policy; Analysis

9410190 Green Recent developments in economic theory make it possible to address a broad range of policy questions more satisfactorily than in the past. Such developments include models of bargaining, optimal decisions and equilibrium under risk, and optimal provision of incentives to individuals who possess private information. This project applies such models to two issues: (1) how democratic institutions emerge and (2) the relationship between gender, fertility, education, and growth both at a theoretical and an empirical level. Most of the countries with outstanding records of sustained economic growth throughout most of the past several centuries are the same countries that have had some sort of democratic system throughout most of that period. This project focuses on the association between stable democratic government and sustained economic growth in these nations. This relationship is poorly understood. In fact, our scientific understanding of why democratic systems emerge at all is still sketchy. This project extends and evaluates (in light of historical data) a new theory by the investigators on how parliamentary governments emerge. This theory emphasizes how parliamentary systems can emerge initially as a rational response to the incentive problems of rulers caused by private information. The other part of the project examines the relationship between women's status and economic development, with particular emphasis on the role of fertility and education. Several economic models to date have examined education and fertility choices and their importance for economic development. However, all of these models completely ignore gender by studying the behavior of fictitious, genderless economic agents. But empirical evidence for a number of developing and developed countries shows that women receive less education that men. This project develops a two-sex bargaining model of endogenous growth and explores the relationship bet ween gender, fertility, education, and growth both at a theoretical and an empirical level.

9410190绿色 经济理论的最新发展使人们有可能比过去更令人满意地解决一系列广泛的政策问题。 这些发展包括讨价还价的模型，最优决策和风险下的均衡，以及对拥有私人信息的个人的最佳激励措施。 本研究将这些模型应用于两个问题：（1）民主制度如何产生;（2）性别、生育率、教育和增长之间的关系，无论是在理论层面还是在实证层面。 在过去几个世纪的大部分时间里，大多数具有持续经济增长出色记录的国家，正是在这一时期的大部分时间里拥有某种民主制度的国家。 该项目的重点是这些国家稳定的民主政府与持续经济增长之间的联系。 人们对这种关系知之甚少。 事实上，我们对民主制度为什么会出现的科学理解仍然是粗略的。 该项目扩展并评估（根据历史数据）调查人员关于议会政府如何出现的新理论。 这一理论强调了议会制度最初是如何作为对私人信息引起的统治者激励问题的理性回应而出现的。 该项目的另一部分审查妇女地位与经济发展之间的关系，特别强调生育率和教育的作用。 到目前为止，若干经济模式已经审查了教育和生育选择及其对经济发展的重要性。 然而，所有这些模型通过研究虚构的、无性别的经济主体的行为，完全忽略了性别。 但一些发展中国家和发达国家的经验证据表明，女性接受的教育少于男性。 本研究建立了一个内生增长的两性讨价还价模型，从理论和实证两个层面探讨了性别、生育率、教育和增长之间的关系。