Acquisition and Transfer of Automatic Skills

这项拟议中的研究将探讨注意力在以下方面的作用： 获得自动技能并在内部和之间转移它们 任务 主要的理论重点将是发展一种理论， 解释了训练过程中的注意力行为如何将痕迹编码到记忆中 建立一个与任务相关的知识库，以及注意力如何在 从存储器中传输检索跟踪以支持自动性能。 该理论将建立在现有的注意力理论基础上， 自动化，扩展和推广它们。 主要经验焦点 视觉搜索，这是一个主要的研究范式， 注意力和自动性具有重要的实际意义 (e.g.,用于驾驶、导航和监督控制）。 实验 将讨论如何自动技能获得培训期间的视觉 搜索转移到其他任务（计数和分类）或从其他任务转移 在与所经历的显示器相似和不同的显示器上进行 在训练中。 本文的研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。 自动执行的能力是一个主要因素 基本的技能表现，重要的是要了解它 好多了 拟议的研究将增加我们的理解， 区分自动化的竞争理论和 整合了以前不相关的自动化，注意力， 和分类。 实验和理论结果表明， 转移将对教育和工业产生重要影响。 培训，提供一个原则性的方法来确定是否经验 在一种设置中获得（例如，教室）将推广到另一个 (e.g.,工作场所）和设计培训计划的原则性方法 并选择训练样本以最大化泛化和优化 熟练的表演。

The proposed research will examine the role of attention in acquiring automatic skills and transferring them within and between tasks. The main theoretical focus will be on developing a theory that explains how acts of attention during training encode traces into memory to build up a task-relevant knowledge base, and how acts of attention at transfer retrieve traces from memory to support automatic performance. The theory will build on existing theories of attention and automaticity, extending and generalizing them. The main empirical focus will be on visual search, which is a dominant paradigm in research on attention and automaticity that has important practical implications (e.g., for driving, navigation, and supervisory control). Experiments will address how automatic skills acquired during training on visual search transfer to and from other tasks (counting and categorization) performed on displays similar to and different from the ones experienced during training. The proposed research is significant theoretically and practically. The ability to perform automatically is a major factor underlying skilled performance and it is important to understand it better. The proposed research will increase our understanding by distinguishing between competing theories of automatization and integrating previously unrelated theories of automatization, attention, and categorization. The experimental and theoretical results on transfer will have important implications for education and industrial training, providing a principled way to determine whether experience gained in one setting (e.g., the classroom) will generalize to another (e.g., the workplace) and a principled way to design training programs and select training examples to maximize generalization and optimize skilled performance.