Connecting Satellite and Surface Measures of Spring's Onset

连接春季来临的卫星和地面测量

• 批准号: 9510342
• 负责人: Mark Schwartz
• 金额: $ 12.67万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-08-01 至 1999-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9510342&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Connecting; Satellite; Surface; Measures; Spring

Abstract ATM-9510342 Schwartz, Mark D. University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Title: Connecting Satellite and Surface Measures of Spring's Onset Interactions between the atmosphere and biosphere are a key component of the Earth's physical system. Understanding the interaction is a crucial part of efforts to improve global change simulation models. While atmospheric data generally are available for most land areas, no such network exists to collect comparable information about biosphere activity. Recent satellite information can contribute to the development of global biosphere databases. In order to realize this potential, these remotely sensed data must be carefully calibrated with surface information. This approach is the most straightforward way of deducing the physical basis of, and developing a historical context for, the satellite's observations. This study will take advantage of a unique surface vegetation data set to develop a physical interpretation of satellite data measuring the first appearance of spring foliage, commonly called the "green wave", across eastern North America. The green wave is particularly important because it is one of the crucial biospheric variables necessary for accurate modeling of process such as water balance and net primary productivity. The project will first develop empirical models to simulate surface green wave data (needed to supplement actual data limitations). Next, the relationship between satellite information and surface data will be determined for selected land cover types (biome). Lastly, detailed meteorological information from selected sites will produce a preliminary physical model of the green wave. These results will permit the satellite information to broaden existing surface green wave chronologies. In turn these lay the foundation for a future mid-latitude green wave model, which would assess the impact of climate variability on this aspect of the biosphere. Therefore, this project will serve as an example of how satellite bioclimatology in concert with surface phenology can produce physical interpretations of observed events, providing needed information for atmosphere-biosphere simulation models and global change monitoring.

摘要ATM-9510342 Schwartz，Mark D. 威斯康星州，密尔沃基大学题目：连接卫星和春季开始的地面测量 大气层和生物圈之间的相互作用是地球物理系统的一个关键组成部分。 了解这种相互作用是改进全球变化模拟模型的一个关键部分。 虽然大多数陆地地区一般都有大气数据，但没有这样的网络来收集有关生物圈活动的可比信息。 最近的卫星信息可有助于全球生物圈数据库的发展。 为了实现这一潜力，必须用地面信息仔细校准这些遥感数据。 这种方法是推断卫星观测的物理基础和发展卫星观测的历史背景的最直接的方法。 这项研究将利用一套独特的地表植被数据，对测量北美东部春季首次出现的树叶（通常称为“绿色波”）的卫星数据进行物理解释。 绿色波特别重要，因为它是精确模拟水平衡和净初级生产力等过程所必需的关键生物圈变量之一。 该项目将首先开发经验模型，以模拟表面绿色波数据（需要补充实际数据的局限性）。 接下来，将确定选定土地覆盖类型（生物群落）的卫星信息与地面数据之间的关系。 最后，从选定地点收集的详细气象资料将产生一个初步的绿色波物理模型。 这些结果将允许卫星信息，以扩大现有的表面绿色波年表。 这些又为今后的中纬度绿色波模型奠定了基础，该模型将评估气候变化对生物圈这一方面的影响。 因此，该项目将作为一个范例，说明卫星生物气候学如何与地面物候学相结合，对观测到的事件作出物理解释，为大气-生物圈模拟模型和全球变化监测提供所需信息。