Connecting Satellite and Surface Measures of Spring's Onset

美国密尔沃基州威斯康星州大学马克·D·施瓦茨的ATM-9510342报告标题：连接卫星和地面测量春季来临大气和生物圈之间的相互作用是地球物理系统的一个关键组成部分。了解这种相互作用是改进全球变化模拟模型的关键部分。虽然大多数陆地地区一般都有大气数据，但没有这样的网络来收集关于生物圈活动的可比信息。最近的卫星信息有助于全球生物圈数据库的发展。为了实现这一潜力，这些遥感数据必须与地表信息仔细校准。这种方法是推断卫星观测的物理基础并为其建立历史背景的最直接的方法。这项研究将利用一个独特的地表植被数据集，对卫星数据进行物理解释，这些数据测量了北美东部第一次出现的春季树叶，通常被称为“绿色浪潮”。绿色浪潮特别重要，因为它是准确模拟水平衡和净初级生产力等过程所必需的关键生物圈变量之一。该项目将首先开发经验模型来模拟表面绿波数据(需要补充实际数据的限制)。接下来，将为选定的土地覆盖类型(生物群落)确定卫星信息和地面数据之间的关系。最后，选定地点的详细气象信息将产生绿色浪潮的初步物理模型。这些结果将使卫星信息能够拓宽现有的地表绿波年表。这些反过来又为未来的中纬度绿波模型奠定了基础，该模型将评估气候变化对生物圈这一方面的影响。因此，该项目将作为卫星生物气候学与地表物候相结合如何产生对观测事件的物理解释的范例，为大气-生物圈模拟模型和全球变化监测提供必要的信息。

Abstract ATM-9510342 Schwartz, Mark D. University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Title: Connecting Satellite and Surface Measures of Spring's Onset Interactions between the atmosphere and biosphere are a key component of the Earth's physical system. Understanding the interaction is a crucial part of efforts to improve global change simulation models. While atmospheric data generally are available for most land areas, no such network exists to collect comparable information about biosphere activity. Recent satellite information can contribute to the development of global biosphere databases. In order to realize this potential, these remotely sensed data must be carefully calibrated with surface information. This approach is the most straightforward way of deducing the physical basis of, and developing a historical context for, the satellite's observations. This study will take advantage of a unique surface vegetation data set to develop a physical interpretation of satellite data measuring the first appearance of spring foliage, commonly called the "green wave", across eastern North America. The green wave is particularly important because it is one of the crucial biospheric variables necessary for accurate modeling of process such as water balance and net primary productivity. The project will first develop empirical models to simulate surface green wave data (needed to supplement actual data limitations). Next, the relationship between satellite information and surface data will be determined for selected land cover types (biome). Lastly, detailed meteorological information from selected sites will produce a preliminary physical model of the green wave. These results will permit the satellite information to broaden existing surface green wave chronologies. In turn these lay the foundation for a future mid-latitude green wave model, which would assess the impact of climate variability on this aspect of the biosphere. Therefore, this project will serve as an example of how satellite bioclimatology in concert with surface phenology can produce physical interpretations of observed events, providing needed information for atmosphere-biosphere simulation models and global change monitoring.