Prehistory of the Channel Islands

海峡群岛的史前史

• 批准号: 9511576
• 负责人: Jeanne Arnold
• 金额: $ 11.32万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-07-15 至 1999-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9511576&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Prehistory; Channel; Islands

With National Science Foundation support Dr. Jeanne Arnold and her colleagues will conduct three seasons of archaeological research at sites located on Santz Cruz Island, one of the Channel Islands located off the coast of California. Previous work has indicated an archaeological sequence which extends back millennia in time. The proximate goal of the research is to locate a number of submerged pitlike structures which served as living sites and to excavate a number of them. A remote geophysical survey will be conducted to find sites and on this basis a sample for excavation will be selected. Data will be recovered from ca. 30 houses at 6 well dated sites. In most, small scale excavations will be conducted while at three, larger areas will be exposed to develop an understanding of house floor features, differential distributions of artifacts, quantities of craft production by-products and the presence/absence of wealth items. The materials recovered will be analyzed to provide both environmental and socio-cultural information. Archaeological studies along the southern California coast in recent years have shown that the prehistoric populations of the Northern Channel Islands and adjacent mainland coast developed a highly specialized political economy characterized by unique features, the most important of which were legitimate craft specializations, an intensive exchange system across the Santa Barbara Channel, and an elite sector able to control resources, labor and the movements of manufactured goods through ownership of plank canoes and manipulations of valuables. Based on both archaeological and ethnographic data, anthropologists believe that the coastal Chumash peoples were among the New World's most complex hunter-gatherers. Dr. Arnold wishes to understand how this unusual level of complexity developed and was manifested in the social organization of the island populations. Because of the commercial nature of the craft manufacture, she wishes to gain insight into the relationship between economy and social organization. To accomplish this, she will focus on intra-settlement variation to determine the extent to which social ranking is evident and the degree to which it relates to manufacturing activities. This research is important because it will provide data of interest to many archaeologists. It will increase our understanding of United States prehistory and shed new light on how social complexity emerges.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，Jeanne Arnold博士和她的同事将在位于加州海岸的海峡群岛之一Santz Cruz Island的遗址进行三个季节的考古研究。以前的工作表明，考古序列可以追溯到几千年前。这项研究的近期目标是找到一些作为生活场所的水下坑状结构，并挖掘其中的一些。将进行一次远程地球物理调查，以寻找地点，并在此基础上选择一个挖掘样本。数据将从CA恢复。30间房子在6个很好的日期网站。在大多数情况下，将进行小规模的挖掘，而在三个较大的区域将暴露，以了解房屋地板特征，文物的差异分布，工艺生产副产品的数量以及财富项目的存在/不存在。将对回收的材料进行分析，以提供环境和社会文化信息。 近年来对加州南部海岸的沿着考古研究表明，北方海峡群岛和邻近大陆海岸的史前人口发展了一种高度专业化的政治经济，其特点是独特的，其中最重要的是合法的工艺专业化，一个跨越圣巴巴拉海峡的密集交换系统，以及一个能够控制资源的精英阶层，劳动力和通过拥有独木舟和操纵贵重物品的制成品的流动。根据考古学和人种学资料，人类学家认为，沿海的丘马什人是新大陆最复杂的狩猎采集者之一。阿诺德博士希望了解这种不寻常的复杂程度是如何发展的，并在岛上人口的社会组织中表现出来。由于手工业的商业性质，她希望深入了解经济和社会组织之间的关系。为了实现这一目标，她将专注于内部结算的变化，以确定在何种程度上社会排名是明显的，在何种程度上它涉及到制造活动。 这项研究很重要，因为它将为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它将增加我们对美国史前史的理解，并为社会复杂性的出现提供新的线索。