Development of a Variable Flow Seawater Flume and High- Speed Video Imaging System

我们计划开发一套可变流量海水水槽和高速视频成像系统，用于研究运动流体中的补给、扩散和运动。生态和进化生物学系的海水水槽和视频系统将协助海洋生态组(Berness和Witman)和脊椎动物形态组(Goslow和Swartz)的研究/教育计划。水流在调节生态相互作用中起着重要作用。然而，这种调解的细节在很大程度上是未知的，它们的阐明仍然是伯尔蒂斯、维特曼和他们的学生的主要研究重点。具有可变水流速度和流量的海水水槽以及记录快速发生的生物反应的手段将使研究内波、可变食物供应和温度对悬浮喂食型无脊椎动物种群的影响成为可能。该系统还将有助于研究(S)海洋捕食者在受控条件下对不断增加的水流做出反应的方式。脊椎动物也会受到身体环境的影响，这反映在身体形状和运动方式上。形态由物理参数塑造的机制是Goslow、Swartz和他们的学生研究计划的重点。例如，一群海鸟，也就是“翅膀推进的”潜水员，用翅膀在水下和空中“飞行”；这种能力需要对一种媒介(如果不是两种媒介)做出一些进化上的妥协。在鱼类和海洋哺乳动物中，存在着相当大的身体形状、鳍形状、骨骼结构和运动模式的多样性，这必须通过仔细的操纵研究才能理解。一种具有可控流动特性的水槽，用于监测被调查生物的水柱和运动运动，将为培训学生进行旨在确定复杂形式演变的现代操纵研究提供重点。

We propose to develop a variable flow sea water flume and high-speed video imaging system for studies of feeding, dispersal and locomotion in moving fluids. A sea water flume and video system in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology will assist the research/education programs of the Marine Ecology group (Bertness and Witman) and the Vertebrate Morphology group (Goslow and Swartz). Water flow plays an important role in mediating ecological interactions. The specifics of this mediation are largely unknown, however, and their elucidation remain a major research focus of Bertness,Witman, and their students. A sea water flume with variable water flow rate and volume and a means for documenting rapidly occurring biological response will enable studies of the effects of internal waves, variable food supply and temperature on populations of suspension-feeding invertebrate animals. The system will also facilitate studies of the way(s) marine predators respond to increasing water flow under controlled conditions. Vertebrate animals are also affected by their physical environment which is reflected in body shape and locomotor style. The mechanisms by which morphology is shaped by physical parameters is the focus of the research programs of Goslow, Swartz and their students. For example, a group of seabirds, the 'wing-propelled' divers, use their wings to 'fly' underwater as well as in the air; an ability which necessitates some evolutionary compromises for one if not both media. Among fishes and marine mammals, considerable diversity of body form, fin shape, bone structure and locomotor pattern exists which can only be understood by careful manipulative studies. A flume with controlled flow characteristics which is instrumented to monitor the water column and the locomotor movements of the organisms under investigation will provide a focus for training students in modern manipulative studies designed to determine the evolution of complex forms.