Development of a Variable Flow Seawater Flume and High- Speed Video Imaging System

变流海水水槽及高速视频成像系统的研制

• 批准号: 9512348
• 负责人: Jon Witman
• 金额: $ 15.19万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 2001-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9512348&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Variable; Flow; Seawater; Flume

We propose to develop a variable flow sea water flume and high-speed video imaging system for studies of feeding, dispersal and locomotion in moving fluids. A sea water flume and video system in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology will assist the research/education programs of the Marine Ecology group (Bertness and Witman) and the Vertebrate Morphology group (Goslow and Swartz). Water flow plays an important role in mediating ecological interactions. The specifics of this mediation are largely unknown, however, and their elucidation remain a major research focus of Bertness,Witman, and their students. A sea water flume with variable water flow rate and volume and a means for documenting rapidly occurring biological response will enable studies of the effects of internal waves, variable food supply and temperature on populations of suspension-feeding invertebrate animals. The system will also facilitate studies of the way(s) marine predators respond to increasing water flow under controlled conditions. Vertebrate animals are also affected by their physical environment which is reflected in body shape and locomotor style. The mechanisms by which morphology is shaped by physical parameters is the focus of the research programs of Goslow, Swartz and their students. For example, a group of seabirds, the 'wing-propelled' divers, use their wings to 'fly' underwater as well as in the air; an ability which necessitates some evolutionary compromises for one if not both media. Among fishes and marine mammals, considerable diversity of body form, fin shape, bone structure and locomotor pattern exists which can only be understood by careful manipulative studies. A flume with controlled flow characteristics which is instrumented to monitor the water column and the locomotor movements of the organisms under investigation will provide a focus for training students in modern manipulative studies designed to determine the evolution of complex forms.

我们建议开发一个可变流量海水水槽和高速视频成像系统，用于研究流动流体的进料、扩散和运动。生态和进化生物学系的海水水槽和视频系统将协助海洋生态学组（Bertness和Witman）和脊椎动物形态学组（Goslow和Swartz）的研究/教育计划。水流在调节生态相互作用中起着重要作用。然而，这种调解的细节在很大程度上是未知的，它们的阐明仍然是Bertness，Witman和他们的学生的主要研究重点。具有可变水流速率和体积的海水水槽以及记录快速发生的生物反应的手段，将使研究内波、可变食物供应和温度对悬浮摄食无脊椎动物种群的影响成为可能。该系统还将有助于研究海洋捕食者在受控条件下对不断增加的水流作出反应的方式。脊椎动物也受到自然环境的影响，这反映在体型和运动方式上。形态由物理参数形成的机制是高斯洛、斯沃茨和他们的学生研究项目的重点。例如，一群海鸟，“翅膀推进”潜水员，用它们的翅膀在水下和空中“飞行”；这种能力需要对一种（如果不是两种）媒介进行一些进化妥协。鱼类和海洋哺乳动物的体型、鳍形、骨骼结构和运动模式存在相当大的多样性，只有通过仔细的操纵研究才能理解。一个具有控制流动特性的水槽，用于监测被调查生物的水柱和运动运动，将为训练学生提供一个重点，旨在确定复杂形式的进化的现代操纵研究。