A Theory of Alliances

联盟理论

• 批准号: 9515169
• 负责人: Emerson Niou
• 金额: $ 3万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-07-01 至 1997-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9515169&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Theory; Alliances

9515169 Niou Alliances play a central role in international relations theory. In the realist view, "the historically most important manifestation of the balance of power . . . is to be found . . .in the relations between one nation or alliance and another alliance." (Morgentahu, 1949) Two lines of research have been developed: the first emphasizes inter-allkiance competition, studying conditions under which an alliance system is stable, assuming that alliances are unitary actors and that cvollective action problems among allies do not arise; the second focuses on intr-alliance collective action problems, assuming that external threats do not exist or can be kept constant. The study of inter-alliance competiion is not complete without the consideration of intra-alliance collective action problems, and the study of collective action problems within an alliance must also consider the severity of external threats. The purpose of this project is to study alliance politics by developing a game theoretic framework that incorporates both inter-alliance competition and intra-alliance competition in the context of international relations. This extension involves finding the core in which no alternative grouping of allies can do better. Specifically, the researchers are interested in the following questions: Are large countries exploited by small countries in both strong and weak alliances? When the number of allies increases, does the level of provision of public goods within the alliance decrease? If countries may choose which alliances to join, does a stable coalition structure exist? Are countries more likely to balance or bandwagon? Can grand coalitions ever be stable? This study will provide an opportunity to understand alliance politics from a different vantage point. For example, the initial exploration of this period by the investigator several years ago sometimes helps him question the truthfulness of conventional wisdom. An in-depth study of this period will allow the inv estigators to conduct a comparative study of the Chinese and European alliance. ***

9515169联盟在国际关系理论中占有核心地位。在现实主义观点中，“权力平衡的历史上最重要的表现……是被发现的…在一个国家或联盟与另一个联盟之间的关系中"（Morgentahu, 1949）目前发展了两条研究路线：第一条强调联盟内部竞争，研究联盟系统稳定的条件，假设联盟是单一行为体，不产生联盟之间的集体行动问题；第二种侧重于联盟内部的集体行动问题，假设外部威胁不存在或可以保持不变。对联盟内部竞争的研究不考虑联盟内部的集体行动问题是不完整的，对联盟内部集体行动问题的研究还必须考虑外部威胁的严重程度。本研究的目的是在国际关系的背景下，通过建立一个包含联盟间竞争和联盟内竞争的博弈论框架来研究联盟政治。这种扩展涉及找到一个核心，在这个核心中，没有其他盟友集团可以做得更好。具体来说，研究人员对以下问题感兴趣：大国是否在强弱联盟中都受到小国的剥削？当联盟数量增加时，联盟内公共产品的供给水平是否降低？如果各国可以选择加入哪些联盟，那么是否存在稳定的联盟结构？各国更有可能保持平衡还是随波逐流？大联盟能稳定吗？本研究将提供一个机会，让我们从不同的角度了解联盟政治。例如，研究者几年前对这一时期的初步探索有时有助于他质疑传统智慧的真实性。对这一时期的深入研究将使研究者能够对中国和欧洲联盟进行比较研究。* * *