Systematics of Anamorphic Yeasts

变形酵母的系统学

• 批准号: 9527787
• 负责人: Jack Fell
• 金额: $ 12.5万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-03-15 至 1998-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9527787&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Systematics; Anamorphic; Yeasts

9527787 Fell Yeasts and yeast-like organisms are a heterogeneous group of fungi of agricultural, economic, ecological, and medical importance; interest in them is accelerating as a result of the search for new organic compounds for industrial and pharmaceutical uses. About 140 genera and 800 species have thus far been recognized and named, but many more may exist in environments and habitats poorly explored thus far. One major problem associated with studies of yeasts, particularly the anamorphic (asexual) forms, is that they are difficult to identify. The phenotypic characters (morphological, physiological, or biochemical) used for classification and identification commonly show strain variability within species, either environmentally induced or genetic. This problem affects all laboratories throughout the world and has discouraged researchers and students from undertaking the collection, study, and classification of naturally occurring yeasts. Tools of molecular biology hold promise for yielding data and characters of great utility for identification and classification of yeasts and their relatives. In particular, nucleotide sequence data from nuclear ribosomal genes are likely to provide powerful evidence for similarity and close relationship among strains within a species, and between species within genera. Dr. Jack Fell at University of Miami is working on the ca. 22 genera of basidiomycetous yeasts and many of their putative teleomorphic (sexual) relatives, to collect DNA sequence data useful in assessing phylogenetic relationships among these taxa. Of special interest are forms recovered from marine environments (open ocean, estuaries). Integration of the new data with information on traditional taxonomic characters is another goal of the work. One of the products is expected to be an updating of the PI's authoritative monograph (with colleague Kurtzman at USDA-Peoria) on the yeasts of the world.

小行星9527787 酵母和酵母样生物是一组具有农业，经济，生态和医学重要性的真菌;由于寻找新的工业和制药用途的有机化合物，对它们的兴趣正在加速。迄今为止，大约有140个属和800个物种已被识别和命名，但更多物种可能存在于迄今为止尚未充分探索的环境和栖息地中。与酵母研究相关的一个主要问题，特别是无性形式，是它们很难识别。用于分类和鉴定的表型特征（形态学、生理学或生物化学）通常显示出种内菌株的变异性，无论是环境诱导的还是遗传的。这个问题影响到世界各地的所有实验室，并使研究人员和学生对自然发生的酵母菌的收集，研究和分类感到沮丧。 分子生物学工具有望产生对酵母及其近缘种的鉴定和分类非常有用的数据和特征。特别是，核核糖体基因的核苷酸序列数据可能提供有力的证据，一个物种内的菌株之间的相似性和密切的关系，和属内的物种之间。迈阿密大学的杰克·费尔博士正在研究这一问题。22属的担子菌酵母和它们的许多推定的有性（有性）亲属，收集DNA序列数据在评估这些类群之间的系统发育关系有用。特别令人感兴趣的是从海洋环境（公海，河口）恢复的形式。这项工作的另一个目标是将新数据与关于传统分类特征的信息结合起来。其中一个产品预计将是PI关于世界酵母的权威专著的更新（与USDA-Peoria的同事Kurtzman合作）。