The Paleoenvironment of the Meyer Desert Formation, Transantarctic Mountains
跨南极山脉迈耶沙漠组的古环境
基本信息
- 批准号:9615252
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 10.35万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:1997
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:1997-03-01 至 2003-02-28
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
OPP 9615252 Ashworth Abstract The Meyer Desert Formation crops out in the Oliver Bluffs region of the Dominion Range in the central Transantarctic Mountains, latitude 85 degrees South, about 500 km from the South Pole. The site is on the Beardmore Glacier near the margin of the Polar Plateau. The polar desert climate is too cold and too dry to support higher forms of life. This award support studies of fossils that will be extracted from siltstones containing wood, and from peat and marl deposits discovered in 1995. Fossils discovered in earlier studies include: pollen, wood, and leaves of Nothofagus (southern beech), seeds of 4 species of vascular plants, stems and leaves of mosses, leg parts of a flightless beetle, valves of ostracodes, shells of gastropods and bivalves, and a fish tooth. A cushion of a woody vascular plant in its original growth position demonstrates that the fossil assemblage is in situ and not transported to the site. The diverse organisms represented by the fossils lived at latitude 85 degrees South during a time when the Antarctic ice sheets were smaller. Stratigraphic evidence suggests an environment that included a lake with vegetation-covered moraines, near a glacier margin. There is a question of how warm temperatures were at the site. Studies of the Nothofagus fossils suggest a harsh climate at the limits of plant growth. That interpretation, however, does not agree with the diversity of organisms represented by fossils. Also, the occurrence of fish in the lake indicates that it did not freeze to the bottom. The Magellanic Moorland of southern South America, with a mean annual temperature of at least 23 degrees Celsius higher than the Oliver Bluffs location today, is a possible analog for the paleoenvironment. Biogeographically, the organisms also seem to have closer evolutionary links with southern South America. Based on 250 kg of sediments collected at the site in 1995, a series of paleontological and geochemical s tudies will be undertaken to determine how warm the climate was. The question of when these organisms inhabited the Beardmore Valley is very important to answer because of the question of stability of the ice sheets. The best estimate for the age of the sediments is Pliocene based on transported marine diatoms. This implies that the existing configuration of the Antarctic ice sheets is a relatively recent feature, developing during the Quaternary. Other evidence from Antarctica and the Southern Ocean suggests that the polar ice sheets are much older and that the landscapes of the Dry Valleys region have not changed much since the Miocene. The Pliocene is known for its globally high sea levels and warmer climates in the Arctic. Did this warming cause a major disintegration of the Antarctic ice sheets during the Pliocene or did they remain stable? This question is especially important to answer in regard to our present concerns about global warming. The Pliocene age that has been assigned to the Meyer Desert Formation, with its in situ fossils of terrestrial organisms indicating much warmer conditions, is critical to this question. The age needs to be confirmed and a series of exploratory projects will be undertaken to attempt to date the deposits using the biostratigraphy of the fossils of terrestrial organisms, amino acid analysis of the gastropod and bivalve shells, and argon/argon analysis of crystals growing inside the seeds. The fossils are very important to test hypotheses about Southern Hemisphere biogeography. These hypotheses have attempted to explain the distribution of related organisms between South America, Australasia, the Subantarctic Islands, and Antarctica but until now they have been untestable because of an absence of Neogene terrestrial fossil data.
邮编9615252 Ashworth 摘要 迈耶沙漠组出露在跨南极山脉中部自治领山脉的奥利弗布拉夫斯地区,南纬85度,距离南极约500公里。 该地点位于极地高原边缘附近的比尔德摩尔冰川上。 极地沙漠的气候太冷太干燥,无法支持更高形式的生命。 该奖项支持将从1995年发现的含木材的粉砂岩和泥炭和泥灰岩沉积物中提取的化石的研究。 早期研究发现的化石包括:花粉、木材和假山毛榉(南部山毛榉)的叶子,4种维管植物的种子,苔藓的茎和叶,不能飞的甲虫的腿部分,介形类的瓣膜,腹足类和双壳类的壳,以及鱼的牙齿。 一个木质维管植物在其原始生长位置的垫子表明,化石组合是在原地,而不是运输到现场。 化石所代表的各种生物生活在南纬85度,当时南极冰盖较小。 地层学证据表明,环境,包括一个湖泊与植被覆盖的冰碛,附近的冰川边缘。 有一个问题是现场的温度有多高。 对Nothofagus化石的研究表明,植物生长的极限是恶劣的气候。 然而,这种解释与化石所代表的生物多样性不一致。 此外,湖中出现鱼表明它没有冻到底。 南美洲南部的麦哲伦高沼地的年平均温度比今天的奥利弗布拉夫斯高出至少23摄氏度,可能是古环境的模拟。 在生物地理学上,这些生物似乎与南美洲南部有着更密切的进化联系。 根据1995年在该地点收集的250公斤沉积物,将进行一系列古生物学和地球化学研究,以确定气候有多温暖。 由于冰原的稳定性问题,这些生物何时居住在比尔德莫河谷的问题非常重要。 根据搬运的海洋硅藻,对沉积物年龄的最佳估计是上新世。 这意味着南极冰盖的现有结构是一个相对较新的特征,在第四纪期间发展。 来自南极洲和南大洋的其他证据表明,极地冰盖要古老得多,自中新世以来,干谷地区的景观没有太大变化。 上新世以其全球高海平面和北极温暖的气候而闻名。 在上新世期间,这种变暖是否导致了南极冰盖的大规模解体,或者它们是否保持稳定? 这个问题对于我们目前对全球变暖的关注来说尤其重要。 上新世的时代已被分配到迈耶沙漠组,其原位化石的陆生生物表明更温暖的条件,是这个问题的关键。 年龄需要确认,将开展一系列勘探项目,试图利用陆生生物化石的生物地层学、腹足类和双壳类贝壳的氨基酸分析以及对种子内生长的晶体进行氩/氩分析来确定矿床的年代。 这些化石对于验证南半球地理学的假设非常重要。 这些假说试图解释相关生物在南美洲、澳大拉西亚、亚南极洲群岛和南极洲之间的分布,但由于缺乏新第三纪的陆地化石数据,迄今为止这些假说还无法得到验证。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Allan Ashworth其他文献
Allan Ashworth的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Allan Ashworth', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: Neotoma Paleoecology Database, Community-led Cyberinfrastructure for Global Change Research
合作研究:Neotoma 古生态学数据库、社区主导的全球变化研究网络基础设施
- 批准号:
1550717 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Neogene Paleoecology of the Beardmore Glacier Region
比尔德莫尔冰川地区的新近纪古生态学
- 批准号:
0947821 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Integrating Geomorphological and Paleoecological Studies to Reconstruct Neogene Environments of the Transantarctic Mountains
合作研究:整合地貌学和古生态学研究重建横贯南极山脉的新近纪环境
- 批准号:
0739693 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Deducing Late Neogene Antarctic Climate from Fossil-rich Sediments in the Dry Valleys
合作研究:从干燥山谷富含化石的沉积物中推断新近纪晚期南极气候
- 批准号:
0440761 - 财政年份:2005
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Terrestrial Paleoecology and Sedimentary Environment of the Meyer Desert Formation, Beardmore Glacier, Transantarctic Mountains
跨南极山脉迈耶沙漠地层、比尔德莫尔冰川的陆地古生态和沉积环境
- 批准号:
0230696 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
REU: LATE-GLACIAL & HOLOCENE CLIMATE OF THE ANDES IN THE MID-LATITUDES OF SOUTH AMERICA
REU:晚冰期
- 批准号:
8711013 - 财政年份:1987
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Pliocene Glaciation in Southern Argentina
阿根廷南部的上新世冰川
- 批准号:
8614089 - 财政年份:1987
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research on Late Quarternary Environmental Changes in the Chilean Channels of South America
南美洲智利海峡晚第四纪环境变化合作研究
- 批准号:
8418149 - 财政年份:1985
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Late Glacial Temperature Trends in Southern Chile Deduced From Fossil Coleoptera (Beetle) Assemblages
从化石鞘翅目(甲虫)组合推断智利南部的晚冰河温度趋势
- 批准号:
7820372 - 财政年份:1978
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
相似国自然基金
Meyer-反应的相化学及合成五组新类型新性能化合物研究
- 批准号:29371023
- 批准年份:1993
- 资助金额:5.0 万元
- 项目类别:面上项目
相似海外基金
Comprehensive elucidation of Bauhaus architectural education led by Meyer based on the materials of graduates who were active in the socialist sphere
以活跃于社会主义领域的毕业生资料为基础,全面阐释迈耶领导的包豪斯建筑教育
- 批准号:
17K06764 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
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Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
The Houses with Balcony Access in Dessau-Törten. Reconstruction and analysis of the planning, construction and usage history of the project of the Bauhaus Dessau under the direction of Hannes Meyer
德绍-托尔滕带阳台的房屋。
- 批准号:
316920114 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Research Grants
T. Helms, A. Tamm, J.-W. Meyer, Tell Chuera: Ausgrabungen in der südöstlichen UnterstadtBereich W. VFMOS 2, V.
T. 赫尔姆斯、A. 塔姆、J.-W.
- 批准号:
317479132 - 财政年份:2016
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Publication Grants
Reform as Text Strategy. Studies on the Literary Oeuvre of Johannes Meyer O.P.
改革作为文本策略。
- 批准号:
245744381 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Research Grants
Metals in concert: Development of a new multi-component multi-catalysis domino reaction merging the Gold-mediated Meyer-Schuster Rearrangement with the Rh-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of boronic acids
金属协同作用:开发一种新的多组分多催化多米诺骨牌反应,将金介导的迈耶-舒斯特重排与铑催化的硼酸对映选择性共轭加成相结合
- 批准号:
243775761 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Research Fellowships
Johann-Heinrich Meyer - Kunst und Wissen im klassischen Weimar
约翰·海因里希·迈耶 - 古典魏玛的艺术与知识
- 批准号:
162594139 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Research Grants
Spatialization of Psychology, Biology, Sociology and Unified Science in Architectural Education at the Bauhaus under Meyer
迈耶领导下的包豪斯建筑教育中心理学、生物学、社会学和统一科学的空间化
- 批准号:
20760433 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
Terrestrial Paleoecology and Sedimentary Environment of the Meyer Desert Formation, Beardmore Glacier, Transantarctic Mountains
跨南极山脉迈耶沙漠地层、比尔德莫尔冰川的陆地古生态和沉积环境
- 批准号:
0230696 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Rudolf Meyer (16o5-1638). Studien zum zeichnerischen Werk
鲁道夫·迈耶 (16o5-1638)。
- 批准号:
5300414 - 财政年份:2000
- 资助金额:
$ 10.35万 - 项目类别:
Publication Grants
Gelehrtenalltag. Der Briefwechsel zwischen Eduard Meyer und Georg Wissowa (1890-1927)
学者的日常生活。
- 批准号:
5183150 - 财政年份:1999
- 资助金额:
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