Collaborative Industrial/Academic Research on Alternate Phosgene Chemistry for Environmentally Benign Chemical Synthesis and Processing

学术界与工业界联系的赠款机会（GOALI） 倡议，有机合成方案和办公室 数学和科学理事会的多学科活动 物理科学支持威廉·琼斯教授的研究， 罗切斯特大学化学系。 琼斯教授 与伊士曼柯达公司合作， 用于照相化学品的更温和的合成和处理化学 通过替代光气作为反应器中的酰基源来生产， 硫代氨基甲酸酯、脲和异氰酸酯中间体的合成， 通过取代酰胺合成中的酰氯。 允许用一氧化碳代替光气， 新发现的基于过渡金属的催化剂， 一氧化物朝向亲核试剂的顺序加成，允许 由简单的和 相对安全的前体。 催化反应机理研究 系统提供了改进催化剂设计的见解，并将导致 扩大催化作用的范围以允许偶联其它的 杂基和碳基亲核试剂。 光气是合成化学品工业中必不可少的试剂， 这种剧毒气体对人类生命和环境的危害 环境是重要的。 在赠款机会的支持下， 学术界与工业界的联系（GOALI）倡议，琼斯教授 探索使用一氧化碳作为相对安全的替代品 用于光气。 虽然一氧化碳本身不活泼， 通过使用含金属的催化剂来形成 如另外由光气制备的产物。 这些研究可能会导致 在大规模生产中， 伊士曼柯达公司生产照相化学品， 在这个合作GOALI研究计划的共同参与者， 这些研究的长期影响远远超出了摄影 化学竞技场。 参与研究的学生和博士后学者 一个项目将花费大量的时间学习和工作 在柯达实验室的过程开发化学，从而 带来了这种广泛的经验，而不是通常遇到的 回到罗切斯特大学。

Under the Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaisons with Industry (GOALI) initiative, the Organic Synthesis Program and the Office of Multidisciplinary Activities of the Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences support the studies of Professor William Jones of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Rochester. Professor Jones, in collaboration with Eastman Kodak Company, develops environmentally more benign synthesis and processing chemistry for photographic chemicals production through the replacement of phosgene as an acyl source in the synthesis of thiocarbamate, urea, and isocyanate intermediates and through the replacement of acyl chlorides in amide syntheses. Replacement of phosgene with carbon monoxide is permitted by newly-discovered transition-metal based catalysts which activate carbon monoxide toward the sequential addition of nucleophiles, allowing the formation of thiocarbamates and related functional groups from simple and comparatively safe precursors. Mechanistic studies of the catalytic systems offer insights into improved catalyst design and will lead to the extension of the scope of the catalysis to permit the coupling of other hetero- and carbon-based nucleophiles. Phosgene is an essential reagent in the synthetic chemicals industry, but the hazards of this highly toxic gas to both human life and to the environment are significant. With support under the Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaisons with Industry (GOALI) initiative, Professor Jones explores the use of carbon monoxide as a comparatively safe substitute for phosgene. Although rather unreactive by itself, carbon monoxide may be enticed through the use of metal-containing catalysts to form the same products as are otherwise prepared from phosgene. These studies may lead to significant reductions in the use of phosgene in the large-scale production of photographic chemicals at Eastman Kodak Company, a coparticipant in this collaborative GOALI research program, and the long-range implications of the studies go well beyond the photographic chemicals arena. Students and postdoctoral scholars involved in the project will spend significant periods of time learning about and working on process development chemistry in Kodak's laboratories, thereby bringing this breadth of experience, not ordinarily encountered in the academic environment, back to the University of Rochester.