Experimental Analysis of Alternative Male Strategies

另类雄性策略的实验分析PI：Sinevo，Barry IBN 96-31757三种颜色的多态S雄性与侧斑蜥蜴不同的行为策略相关：(1)橙喉雄性非常具有攻击性，保卫大片领土，雌性多；(2)蓝喉雄性倾向于一夫一妻制，守卫配偶，但保卫小领土；(3)黄喉雄性不保卫领土，而是运动鞋，在受到其他雄性挑战时模仿雌性的行为。长期的实地研究表明，这三种类型的雄性在种群中骑自行车的频率很高。橙色被黄色取代，黄色雄性反过来容易受到蓝色守护配偶的雄性的攻击，而蓝色雄性反过来又容易受到超级占优势的橙色喉咙雄性的攻击。据预测，当每种变形发生在非常低的频率时，它都有适应能力的优势。由于喉部颜色是可遗传的，初始的变形频率将在较小的孤立亚群中进行操纵。当后代成熟时，将使用DNA亲子分析来确定在三种实验频率操作中每一只雄性后代的生殖成功。在最后一项实验中，将对血液中的睾丸素浓度进行操作，以确定橙色雄性中观察到的高睾酮水平是否也是它们对抗蓝色雄性的成功以及它们对黄色雄性策略的易感性的原因。

ABSTRACT Experimental Analysis of Alternative Male Strategies PI: SINERVO, Barry IBN 96-31757 Three color polymorphism s of males are correlated with distinct behavioral strategies in the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana: (1) orange-throated males are very aggressive and defend large territories with many females, (2) blue-throated males tend to be monogamous and guard their mates, but defend small territories, and (3) yellow- throated males do not defend territories, but are sneakers and mimic the behaviors of females if challenged by other males. Long-term field studies indicate that the three male types are cycling in frequency within the population. Orange is replaced by yellow, yellow males are, in turn, vulnerable to blue mate-guarding males, and blue males are, in turn, vulnerable to ultra-dominant orange-throated males. It is predicted that each morph has a fitness advantage when it occurs at a very low frequency. Because throat color is heritable, the initial morph frequency will be manipulated in small isolated subpopulations. When offspring mature, DNA paternity analysis will be used to determine the reproductive success of each male offspring in the three experimental frequency manipulations. In a final experiment, blood testosterone concentrations will be manipulated to determine if the high testosterone levels that have been observed in orange males is also responsible for both their success against blue males, and their susceptibility to the yellow male strategy.