Effects of Selection on Offspring Viabilities

选择对后代生存能力的影响

• 批准号: 9631801
• 负责人: Patricia Gowaty
• 金额: $ 19.34万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-15 至 2001-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9631801&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Effects; Selection; Offspring; Viabilities

ABSTRACT PI: Gowaty PROPOSAL NUMBERS 9631801 The hypothesis that the research is designed to test is that female choice of mates for traits that affect the viabilities of females offspring affects females preferences for particular mates even in social systems in which females seem unable to chose or in which females options are ecologically or socially modified. Social behavior that can interfere with a female s ability to achieve mating \s with her preferred partners include male- male- interactions female-female s interactions, and interactions between the female and those males that attempt to manipulate or modify her choice via forced copulation, aggressive conditioning, affiliative conditioning, or brokering of food resources in exchange for matings. The research is specifically designed to test the generality of this hypothesis and will include comparisons of outcomes from nearly identical experimental protocols on six well- known and frequently studied species representing phylongenetically diverse taxa. This research is collaborative and cooperative. It will include experiments on laboratory populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura, Drosophilia hydei at the university of Georgia, guppies, Poecilea reticulata, at Trondheim University Cockroaches, Nauphoeta cinerea, at the University of Kentucky, mallards, Anas platyrhynchos at the Delta Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Station, and wild house mice, Mus musculus, at the University of Southern Illinois at Carbondale. The research protocol involves exposing females to sets of males, which researchers will pick at random with respect to phenotypic variation of individuals from populations consisting of virgin males from diverse sources. Test females will demonstrate preferences in choice arenas. After Establishing her preferred mate, half of the test females will be placed in breeding chambers with preferred males and half with non preferred. The viability (surv ival to adulthood or independence) of offspring from several types of control manipulations including those from an identical series of male choice trials. The significance of this research lies in the rarity of studies of the effects of freely expressed mate choice by females or males on offspring viability or quality. It will be the first to evaluate 1) the theoretical assumption that the effects of female choice outweigh the effects of male choice for species with typical post-fertilization investments in offspring: 2. the prediction that for a species (D. hydei) with relatively equal post-fertilization investments that male and female choice are equally important to offspring viability; 3. how viabilities of offspring vary under freely- expressed mate choice (By females and males) compared to non preferred matings; and 4. differences in offspring viability as a function of whether matings are managed or represent choices made by freely-acting individuals.

摘要PI：Gowaty提案编号9631801该研究旨在测试的假设是，女性选择影响女性的特征的女性选择会影响女性后代的生存能力，也会影响女性对特定伴侣的偏好，即使在女性似乎无法选择的女性或社会上选择哪些女性或社会上有生态上或社会上有经过生态修改。 可以干扰女性与她的首选伴侣交配的能力的社会行为包括男性 - 男性互动女性互动，以及女性与试图通过强制配置，积极的配置，隶属关系调节或互动来操纵或修改她的选择的男性相互作用，积极的配置，隶属关系，隶属关系调节或食品资源的商品互动，以换取垫料的食品。 该研究是专门设计的，用于检验该假设的一般性，并将在六种众所周知的和经常研究的物种上比较几乎相同的实验方案的结局，这些物种代表了类似于类似物的分类单元。 这项研究是协作和合作的。 它将包括在佐治亚大学的果蝇pseudoobscura，果蝇果蝇海德的实验人群上伊利诺伊州南部伊利诺伊大学卡本代尔大学的穆斯·穆斯库鲁斯（Mus Musculus）的房屋老鼠。 研究方案涉及将女性暴露于男性集中，研究人员将根据来自不同来源的处女男人的表型变异而随机选择这些女性。 测试女性将在选择领域表现出偏好。 建立了她的首选伴侣后，一半的测试雌性将被放置在具有首选雄性的育种室中，而一半的雌性则将其放置在非首选中。 从几种类型的控制操作（包括一系列相同的男性选择试验）中，后代的生存能力（生存到成年或独立性）。 这项研究的意义在于对女性或雄性自由表达伴侣选择对后代生存能力或质量的伴侣选择的影响的研究。 这将是第一个评估1）理论上的假设，即女性选择的影响超过了男性选择对后代的典型物种的效果：2。对某种物种（D. hydei）的预测，男性和女性选择相对较高的雌性选择对后代的替代性投资同等重要。 3。与非首选矩阵相比，后代的可行性在自由表达的伴侣选择下（由女性和男性）有何不同；和4。后代生存力的差异是是否管理安装或代表自由演出的个人做出的选择。