Effects of Selection on Offspring Viabilities

选择对后代生存能力的影响

• 批准号: 9631801
• 负责人: Patricia Gowaty
• 金额: $ 19.34万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-15 至 2001-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9631801&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Effects; Selection; Offspring; Viabilities

ABSTRACT PI: Gowaty PROPOSAL NUMBERS 9631801 The hypothesis that the research is designed to test is that female choice of mates for traits that affect the viabilities of females offspring affects females preferences for particular mates even in social systems in which females seem unable to chose or in which females options are ecologically or socially modified. Social behavior that can interfere with a female s ability to achieve mating \s with her preferred partners include male- male- interactions female-female s interactions, and interactions between the female and those males that attempt to manipulate or modify her choice via forced copulation, aggressive conditioning, affiliative conditioning, or brokering of food resources in exchange for matings. The research is specifically designed to test the generality of this hypothesis and will include comparisons of outcomes from nearly identical experimental protocols on six well- known and frequently studied species representing phylongenetically diverse taxa. This research is collaborative and cooperative. It will include experiments on laboratory populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura, Drosophilia hydei at the university of Georgia, guppies, Poecilea reticulata, at Trondheim University Cockroaches, Nauphoeta cinerea, at the University of Kentucky, mallards, Anas platyrhynchos at the Delta Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Station, and wild house mice, Mus musculus, at the University of Southern Illinois at Carbondale. The research protocol involves exposing females to sets of males, which researchers will pick at random with respect to phenotypic variation of individuals from populations consisting of virgin males from diverse sources. Test females will demonstrate preferences in choice arenas. After Establishing her preferred mate, half of the test females will be placed in breeding chambers with preferred males and half with non preferred. The viability (surv ival to adulthood or independence) of offspring from several types of control manipulations including those from an identical series of male choice trials. The significance of this research lies in the rarity of studies of the effects of freely expressed mate choice by females or males on offspring viability or quality. It will be the first to evaluate 1) the theoretical assumption that the effects of female choice outweigh the effects of male choice for species with typical post-fertilization investments in offspring: 2. the prediction that for a species (D. hydei) with relatively equal post-fertilization investments that male and female choice are equally important to offspring viability; 3. how viabilities of offspring vary under freely- expressed mate choice (By females and males) compared to non preferred matings; and 4. differences in offspring viability as a function of whether matings are managed or represent choices made by freely-acting individuals.

摘要 PI：Gowaty 提案编号 9631801 该研究旨在测试的假设是，女性根据影响女性后代生存能力的特征选择配偶会影响女性对特定配偶的偏好，即使在女性似乎无法选择或女性选择在生态或社会上被修改的社会系统中也是如此。 可能干扰雌性与其首选伴侣交配的能力的社会行为包括男性与男性之间的互动、女性与女性之间的互动，以及女性与那些试图通过强迫交配、攻击性条件反射、亲和条件反射或通过食物资源中介来换取交配来操纵或改变其选择的男性之间的相互作用。 该研究专门设计用于测试这一假设的普遍性，并将包括对代表系统发育不同类群的六种众所周知且经常研究的物种的几乎相同的实验方案的结果进行比较。 这项研究是协作和合作的。 它将包括对佐治亚大学的拟暗果蝇、海德果蝇、特隆赫姆大学的孔雀鱼、网纹雀鱼、肯塔基大学的蟑螂、灰鸭、三角洲水禽和湿地研究站的绿头鸭、鸭嘴鸭以及野生动物进行的实验室种群实验。 南伊利诺伊大学卡本代尔分校的家鼠（Mus musculus）。 该研究方案涉及将雌性暴露于一组雄性中，研究人员将根据来自不同来源的处女雄性组成的种群中个体的表型变异随机挑选这些雄性。 测试女性将在选择领域表现出偏好。 在确定了她的首选配偶后，一半的测试雌性将被放置在与首选雄性一起的繁殖室中，一半与非首选雄性一起放置在繁殖室中。 几种类型的控制操作（包括来自相同系列的雄性选择试验的控制操作）的后代的生存能力（存活到成年或独立）。 这项研究的意义在于，关于雌性或雄性自由表达的择偶选择对后代生存能力或质量的影响的研究很少。 它将首先评估 1) 理论假设，即对于具有典型受精后投资的物种，雌性选择的影响超过雄性选择的影响。 2. 预测，对于具有相对平等的受精后投资的物种 (D. hydei)，雄性和雌性选择对后代生存能力同样重要； 3. 与非偏好交配相比，在自由表达的择偶选择（雌性和雄性）下，后代的生存能力如何变化； 4. 后代生存能力的差异取决于交配是否受到管理或代表自由行动的个体做出的选择。