Effects of Selection on Offspring Viabilities

选择对后代生存能力的影响

• 批准号: 9631801
• 负责人: Patricia Gowaty
• 金额: $ 19.34万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-15 至 2001-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9631801&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Effects; Selection; Offspring; Viabilities

ABSTRACT PI: Gowaty PROPOSAL NUMBERS 9631801 The hypothesis that the research is designed to test is that female choice of mates for traits that affect the viabilities of females offspring affects females preferences for particular mates even in social systems in which females seem unable to chose or in which females options are ecologically or socially modified. Social behavior that can interfere with a female s ability to achieve mating \s with her preferred partners include male- male- interactions female-female s interactions, and interactions between the female and those males that attempt to manipulate or modify her choice via forced copulation, aggressive conditioning, affiliative conditioning, or brokering of food resources in exchange for matings. The research is specifically designed to test the generality of this hypothesis and will include comparisons of outcomes from nearly identical experimental protocols on six well- known and frequently studied species representing phylongenetically diverse taxa. This research is collaborative and cooperative. It will include experiments on laboratory populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura, Drosophilia hydei at the university of Georgia, guppies, Poecilea reticulata, at Trondheim University Cockroaches, Nauphoeta cinerea, at the University of Kentucky, mallards, Anas platyrhynchos at the Delta Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Station, and wild house mice, Mus musculus, at the University of Southern Illinois at Carbondale. The research protocol involves exposing females to sets of males, which researchers will pick at random with respect to phenotypic variation of individuals from populations consisting of virgin males from diverse sources. Test females will demonstrate preferences in choice arenas. After Establishing her preferred mate, half of the test females will be placed in breeding chambers with preferred males and half with non preferred. The viability (surv ival to adulthood or independence) of offspring from several types of control manipulations including those from an identical series of male choice trials. The significance of this research lies in the rarity of studies of the effects of freely expressed mate choice by females or males on offspring viability or quality. It will be the first to evaluate 1) the theoretical assumption that the effects of female choice outweigh the effects of male choice for species with typical post-fertilization investments in offspring: 2. the prediction that for a species (D. hydei) with relatively equal post-fertilization investments that male and female choice are equally important to offspring viability; 3. how viabilities of offspring vary under freely- expressed mate choice (By females and males) compared to non preferred matings; and 4. differences in offspring viability as a function of whether matings are managed or represent choices made by freely-acting individuals.

摘要 PI：Gowaty提案编号9631801 这项研究旨在验证的假设是，女性选择配偶的特征会影响女性后代的生存能力， 甚至在女性似乎无法选择或女性 选择权是经过生态或社会调整的。 可能干扰雌性与其首选伴侣实现交配能力的社会行为包括雄性与雄性的互动、雌性与雌性的互动，以及雌性与那些试图通过强迫交配、攻击性条件反射、亲和条件反射或以食物资源换取交配来操纵或修改她的选择的雄性之间的互动。 这项研究是专门设计来测试这一假设的一般性，并将包括比较结果，从几乎相同的实验方案对六个众所周知的和经常研究的物种，代表phylongenetically多样化的类群。 这项研究是协作和合作的。 它将包括对实验室种群进行的实验，这些种群包括：格鲁吉亚大学的拟暗果蝇、海氏果蝇;特隆赫姆大学的孔雀鱼、网状花孔雀鱼;肯塔基州大学的蟑螂;三角洲水禽和湿地研究站的绿头鸭;以及卡本代尔南伊利诺伊大学的野生家鼠。 研究方案涉及将雌性暴露于雄性集合，研究人员将从由来自不同来源的处女雄性组成的群体中随机挑选个体的表型变异。 测试女性将在选择领域表现出偏好。 在确定其首选配偶后，将一半的测试雌性动物置于首选雄性动物和另一半非首选雄性动物的繁殖室中。 从几种类型的控制操作，包括从一个相同的雄性选择试验系列后代的生存能力（存活到成年或独立）。 这项研究的意义在于，很少有研究表明，雌性或雄性自由表达的配偶选择对后代的生存能力或质量的影响。 这将是第一个评估1）理论假设，即雌性选择的影响超过雄性选择的影响，对于具有典型的受精后对后代的投资的物种：2。一个物种（D。hydei）在受精后投资相对相等的情况下，雄性和雌性的选择对后代的生存能力同样重要; 3.与非首选交配相比，在自由表达的配偶选择（雌性和雄性）下，后代的生存能力如何变化;以及4.后代生存能力的差异，作为一个功能，是否交配管理或代表自由行动的个人所作的选择。