Kloosterman Sums and Related Exponential Sums

掖9701225 该奖项资助叶教授的研究，他从事Kloosterman求和。经典的Kloosterman和在数论中有重要的应用。一个例子是库兹涅佐夫的估计加权总和Kloosterman和这是一个步骤的林尼克-塞尔伯格猜想;证明是根据库兹涅佐夫迹公式。广义Kloosterman和出现在各种相对迹公式中;这样的相对迹公式确实是广义Kuznetsov迹公式与其相对版本之一之间的等式。Kloosterman和的上述出现表明它们在数论和群表示论中的核心作用。这个研究项目的中心是Kloosterman和相关的指数和，他们的推广，以及他们的应用。目标如下。 (i)朗兰兹函数性猜想预测了不同群的表示之间的函数关系。如果函子提升可以用一个相对迹公式来研究，那么它的基本引理可以化为Kloosterman型指数和的恒等式。第一个目标是研究特定的提升问题，并推导出相应的指数和恒等式。 (ii)相反，这样的恒等式不仅隐含了相对迹公式的基本引理，而且可以根据相对迹公式的局部轨道积分的Shalika芽展开式和指数和展开式的最新结果，推导出整个相对迹公式.第二个目的是由指数和的恒等式导出一个相对迹公式。 (iii)经典Kloosterman和的重要应用通常基于其值的估计和加权和。最后一个目标是估计广义Kloosterman和及相关高阶指数和的某些加权和。 这个建议是在数学的一部分被称为朗兰兹纲领。这个程序代表了数论和表示论的融合，并且它已经刺激了这两个领域的大量最新研究。数论是数学中最古老的分支之一，涉及最基本的数学对象，即普通的整数。 然而，事实证明，为了表达数学家发现的许多模式和关系，必须使用二十世纪数学的一些最先进和技术性的理论。另一方面，数论的问题为该学科其他不同部分的研究提供了强有力的刺激。 朗格兰的程序提供了一个框架，用于使用无限维表示论的工具来研究和广泛推广数论的所谓互易定律。 虽然非常技术性和深度，这个程序已经在理论计算机科学（构建扩展图）和编码理论（寻找最佳Goppa码）等领域找到了惊人的应用。 它也在数论本身最近的一些引人注目的发展中发挥了作用，例如费马大定理的证明。

Ye 9701225 This award funds research of Professor Ye, who works on Kloosterman sums. The classical Kloosterman sum has important applications in number theory. An example is Kuznetsov's estimate of a weighted sum of Kloosterman sums which is a step toward the Linnik--Selberg conjecture; the proof is based on the Kuznetsov trace formula. Generalized Kloosterman sums appear in various relative trace formulas; such a relative trace formula is indeed an equality between a generalized Kuznetsov trace formula and one of its relative versions. The above appearances of the Kloosterman sums suggest their central role in number theory and group representation theory. This research project is centered at Kloosterman sums and related exponential sums, their generalizations, and their applications. The objectives are listed below. (i) The Langlands functoriality conjecture predicts functorial relationships between representations of different groups. If a functorial lifting can be studied by a relative trace formula, its fundamental lemma may be reduced to an identity of exponential sums of the Kloosterman type. The first objective is to study specific lifting problems and deduce the corresponding identities of exponential sums. (ii) Conversely, such an identity not only will imply the fundamental lemma of the relative trace formula, but also might be used to deduce the whole relative trace formula, based on recent results on Shalika germ expansions and exponential sum expansions of local orbital integrals of relative trace formulas. The second objective is to deduce a relative trace formula from its identity of exponential sums. (iii) Important applications of the classical Kloosterman sum are usually based on estimation of its values and weighted sums. The last objective is to estimate certain weighted sums of generalized Kloosterman sums and related high ranking exponential sums. This proposal is in the part of mathematics known as the Langlands program. This program represents a fus ion of Number Theory and Representation Theory , and it has been a stimulus to a great deal of recent research in both fields. Number Theory is one of the oldest branches of mathematics and is concerned with the most basic of mathematical objects, the ordinary whole numbers. However, it turns out that in order to express many of the patterns and relations discovered by mathematicians, it is necessary to use some of the most advanced and technical theories of twentieth century mathematics. On the other hand, the problems of number theory have provided a powerful stimulus to research in other diverse parts of the discipline. The Langland's program provides a framework for investigating and vastly generalizing the so-called reciprocity laws of number theory using the tools of infinite-dimensional representation theory. Although very technical and deep, this program has found astonishing applications in areas like theoretical computer science (construction of expanding graphs) and coding theory (finding optimal Goppa codes). It has also played a role in some of the recent spectacular developments in number theory itself, such as the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem.