Encouraging the Use of Risk Concepts in Performance-Based Building and Fire Regulation Development

美国目前使用的建筑和消防法规的目的是在建筑的设计、建造和使用过程中提供可接受的安全、健康和福利水平。然而，目前的法规有数百页的规定措施，并没有明确说明它们打算达到的安全水平。为了解决这一关切，可以将反映可接受的安全水平的具体目标和目的纳入条例。此外，由于建筑和消防法规旨在满足公众管理风险的任务，这些目标和目的理想地应基于社会可接受或可容忍的风险水平(S)。为了解决这些问题，需要建立一个机制，以便更好地了解火灾和自然灾害对人和财产造成的风险，并更好地处理建筑物监管系统内的风险。NSF/私营部门倡议的这一联合努力的目标是为建筑和消防法规的开发商勾勒出一个流程，该流程将有助于识别、表征风险概念和分析方法，并将其纳入建筑和消防法规。为了实现这一目标，这项工作将审查在广泛的法规中使用风险概念的情况，审查识别和表征风险问题的各种方法，识别建筑和消防规范中的火灾风险问题，并概述识别、表征风险概念和分析方法并将其纳入基于性能的建筑和消防规范制定的过程。这项研究将提高对火灾和自然灾害的风险和相关成本的理解，解决不确定性对基于风险的建筑和消防法规的开发和使用的影响(重点关注新技术的应用领域和与未来人类行为相关的不确定性)，协助规范和标准开发人员将建筑和消防法规的制定视为风险问题，并为进一步开发基于风险和可靠性的建筑和消防安全设计分析和设计工具提供基础。这一努力将产生的信息、例子和决策过程将是基于风险的决策领域的宝贵补充。此外，通过将重点放在建筑和消防法规制定中的风险问题上，将向建筑和消防界的私营部门合作伙伴提供一个工具，帮助他们更好地评估和处理火灾和自然灾害的技术风险，更好地了解与风险决策相关的价值问题，如风险认知和成本效益影响，并更好地将这些概念纳入法规制定过程。最终，这一努力的结果将鼓励对建筑和消防法规进行改革，以更好地应对火灾和自然灾害对人和财产的风险，从而使建筑更安全，火灾和自然灾害造成的损失更少。

The intent of current building and fire regulations used in the United States is to provide an acceptable level of safety, health, and welfare during the design, construction and use of buildings. However, the current regulations, with their hundreds of pages of prescribed measures, do not provide explicit indications of the level of safety they are intended to achieve. To address this concern, specific goals and objectives, reflecting acceptable levels of safety, could be incorporated into the regulations. Furthermore, as building and fire regulations are intended to satisfy the public mandate for managing risks, these goals and objectives should ideally be based on the level(s) of risk acceptable or tolerable to society. To address these concerns, a mechanism is needed to obtain a better understanding of the risks to people and property from fire and natural hazards, and to better address the risks within the building regulatory system. The objective of this Joint NSF / Private Sector Initiative effort is to outline a process for developers of building and fire regulations that will aid in the identification, characterization, and incorporation of risk concepts and analysis methods into building and fire regulations. In meeting this objective, this effort will review the use of risk concepts over a broad range of regulations, review various approaches to identifying and characterizing risk problems, identify fire risk issues in building and fire codes, and outline a process for identifying, characterizing, and incorporating risk concepts and analysis methods into performance-based building and fire code development. This research will improve the understanding of risks and associated costs from fire and natural hazards, address the impact of uncertainty on the development and use of risk-based building and fire regulations (with a focus in the areas of application of new technologies and indeterminate uncertainty related to future human actions), assist codes and standards developers view, understand, and address building and fire regulation development as risk issues, and provide a basis for further development of risk- and reliability-based analysis and design tools for building and fire safety design. The information, examples, and decision-making process that will result from this effort will be a valuable addition to the area of risk-based decision making. Furthermore, by focusing on risk issues in building and fire regulation development, the private sector partners from the building and fire communities will be provided with a tool to help them better assess and address the technical risks from fire and natural hazards, to better understand values issues associated with risk decisions, such as risk perception and cost-benefit implications, and to better incorporate these concepts into the regulatory development process. Ultimately, the product of this effort will encourage changes to the building and fire regulations that will better address the risks to people and property from fire and natural hazards, resulting in safer buildings and fewer losses from fire and natural hazards.