Development of a Pico-joule Calorimeter Instrument

皮焦量热仪的研制

• 批准号: 9803019
• 负责人: Leslie Allen
• 金额: $ 17万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-07-15 至 2001-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9803019&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Pico; joule; Calorimeter; Instrument

9803019AllenAdvances in techniques of micro-machining small microheater elements and the availability of high precision electronics have generated a new class of heat sensing instruments. These advances will have major impact in developing a new ultra-sensitive calorimetry instrument for measuring energy beyond nanojoule to picojoule sensitivities. This award provides support to develop a calorimeter which will have picojoule sensitivity by using novel micro-machining techniques. This instrument will be used for fundamental energy measurements in material systems ranging from interactions between clusters containing only a hundred atoms to the real time measurement of nanoliter biological samples.Calorimetry is the ideal tool for studying the fundamental properties of material, e.g. the melting point, heat of fusion, and the heat capacity. However, until recently calorimetry was limited to studies of bulk material. Now, new advances have provided us with the first opportunity to apply this powerful technique on the nanometer scale of material, at dimensions where material properties deviate tremendously from their bulk values. A recent article in SCIENCE by Bertsch [1] entitled " Enhanced Melting in Clusters," highlights the new breakthrough techniques in calorimetry. He discusses the size-dependent phenomenon of reduced melting temperature of free clusters in a beam [2] and on a surface [3].Using the new technology, the proposed instrument will generate a quantum leap in sensitivity of factor of 10,000 over any current conventional systems. This increased sensitivity will allow exploration of material characterization at a new level of thermodynamic measurement.The picocalorimeter will be applied to a broad range of collaborative materials studies including (i) enhanced melting point studies, (ii) direct thermodynamic studies of nucleation, coalescence and growth of surface clusters during film growth, (iii) defect recovery of ion-implant damage during thermal annealing, (iv) surface reconstruction of Liquid Crystal (LC) fluorinated block polymers, and (v) studies of cell division in a single-cell embryo.Faculty and students from the University of Illinois, University of Chicago, and Cornell University will be involved with the development of this new instrument.%%%***

微细加工小型微热元件技术的进步和高精度电子设备的出现，催生了一类新的热敏仪器。这些进展将对开发一种新的超灵敏量热仪器产生重大影响，用于测量超过纳焦耳到皮焦耳灵敏度的能量。该奖项支持开发一种使用新型微机械加工技术、具有皮焦耳灵敏度的热量计。该仪器将用于物质系统的基本能量测量，范围从只有100个原子的团簇之间的相互作用到纳升生物样品的实时测量。量热计是研究材料基本性质的理想工具，如熔点、熔化热和热容。然而，直到最近，量热法还仅限于对散装材料的研究。现在，新的进展为我们提供了第一次将这项强大的技术应用于纳米级材料的机会，在材料特性与其体积值极大偏离的尺寸上。Bertsch最近在《科学》杂志上发表了一篇题为《增强的团簇熔化》的文章，重点介绍了量热技术中的新突破技术。他讨论了自由团簇在光束[2]和表面[3]中的熔化温度随尺寸变化的现象。使用这项新技术，该仪器的灵敏度将比目前的任何常规系统提高10,000倍。这种更高的灵敏度将允许在新的热力学测量水平上探索材料的表征。皮卡计将被应用于广泛的协作材料研究，包括(I)增强的熔点研究，(Ii)薄膜生长过程中表面团簇的成核、合并和生长的直接热力学研究，(Iii)热退火期间离子注入损伤的缺陷恢复，(Iv)液晶(LC)含氟嵌段聚合物的表面重建，以及(V)单细胞胚胎中的细胞分裂的研究。康奈尔大学将参与这一新仪器的开发。%**