RUI: Gender Equality and Inequality in Higher Education: International Trends and National Nuances

RUI：高等教育中的性别平等和不平等：国际趋势和国家细微差别

• 批准号: 9808038
• 负责人: Maria Charles
• 金额: $ 10.59万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-15 至 2002-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9808038&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Gender; Equality; Inequality; Higher

Although gender equality in higher education has been identified as an important goal by governments and organizations throughout the world, prevailing patterns of educational gender stratification have not yet been systematically examined in a comparative context. The proposed research aims to describe and to explain historical and international differences in women's representation in higher education in advanced industrial societies. Three distinct dimensions of equality will be considered: (1) overall female representation in tertiary education; (2) gender distributions across tertiary sectors (e.g., universities, two-year colleges, vocationally-oriented training institutes); and (3) gender distributions across programs of study. The first objective is to describe historical and cross-national variability with respect to these three dimensions. Although it is well known that women's overall tertiary enrollment has increased worldwide in recent decades, international trends in sectoral and programmatic gender segregation have not yet been rigorously examined. The second objective is to account for the observed patterns of cross-national variability. Three sets of explanatory variables will be considered: (1) structural features of the national educational system; (2) structural features of the economy; and (3) the prevailing ideological climate, or degree of gender egalitarianism characterizing the national culture. Analyses will cover 24 advanced industrial societies during the period between 1950 and 1995. The aggregate-level international and historical data employed are superior, in terms of comprehensiveness, level of detail, and comparability, to those used in any other previous research of this type. The project is also distinguished by its application of new log-linear modeling techniques to supplement traditional methodological approaches and measurement models. This approach mitigates conceptual and methodological difficulties that have long hampered comparative stratification research.

虽然高等教育中的两性平等已被世界各国政府和组织确定为一项重要目标，但尚未在比较的背景下系统地审查教育性别分层的普遍模式。拟议的研究旨在描述和解释先进工业社会中妇女在高等教育中的代表性的历史和国际差异。将考虑平等的三个不同方面：（1）高等教育中女性的总体代表性;（2）高等教育部门的性别分布情况（例如，大学、两年制学院、职业培训机构）;以及（3）各学习项目的性别分布。第一个目标是描述这三个方面的历史和跨国差异。虽然众所周知，近几十年来，全世界高等教育的女性入学率有所增加，但尚未严格审查部门和方案性别隔离方面的国际趋势。第二个目标是说明观察到的跨国变异模式。将考虑三组解释性变量：（1）国家教育制度的结构特征;（2）经济的结构特征;（3）占主导地位的意识形态气候，或作为国家文化特征的性别平等主义程度。 分析将涉及1950年至1995年期间的24个先进工业社会。所采用的总体国际和历史数据在全面性、详细程度和可比性方面上级以往任何此类研究中使用的数据。该项目的特点还在于它应用了新的对数线性建模技术，以补充传统的方法和测量模型。这种方法减轻了长期以来阻碍比较分层研究的概念和方法上的困难。