Comparative Political Economy

该项目的目标是从政治经济学的角度发展公共政策的比较理论；也就是说，政策是在嵌入政治体系的公共机构中选择的。主要比较的是总统制和议会制，重点是机构和利益的影响，由此产生的政策的动态，以及它们的稳定性和效率。政治经济学的观点考虑了政治制度的主要机构和政治制度内的利益代表，例如通过选举，以及通过游说和向公职人员提供政治上有价值的资源等私人行为。要采取的方法是发展综合的政治经济学理论，将政治制度和经济利益结合起来，以一种允许跨政治制度和跨时间的政策选择比较的方式。这项研究计划有四个主要组成部分。首先是议会制度动态理论的发展，其中包括制度和利益集团。二是将美国总统制的总统否决权和参议院阻挠议事相结合，形成相应的总统制理论。第三个组成部分是内生政党及其在议会制和总统制中的作用理论的发展。第四个组成部分是一个关于市场竞争和行业一级政治行动的综合理论，作为一种手段，将公共政策与其对经济租金的影响联系起来，并将这些租金与试图影响政策选择的利益集团的战略联系起来。最后，本文的目标是比较两种理论，以确定制度和利益组织在公共政策选择中的作用。

David The objective of the project is to develop comparative theories of public policy from a political economy perspective; i.e., where the policy is chosen in a public institution embedded in a political system. The principal comparison will be between presidential and parliamentary systems with an emphasis on the influence of institutions and interests, the dynamics of the resulting policies, and their stability and efficiency. The political economy perspective takes into account the principal institutions of a political system and the representation of interests both within the political system through elections, for example, and through private actions such as lobbying and the provision of politically valuable resources to officeholders. The approach to be taken is to develop integrated political economy theories that incorporate political institutions and economic interests in a manner that allows for a comparison of policy choices both across political systems and across time. The research program has four principal components. The first is the development of a dynamic theory of parliamentary systems that includes institutions and interest groups. The second is the development of a corresponding theory of presidential systems that incorporates the presidential veto and Senate filibuster of the U.S. system. The third component is the development of a theory of endogenous political parties and their role in parliamentary and presidential systems. The fourth component is an integrated theory of market competition and political action at the industry level as a means of linking public policy to its effects on economic rents and linking those rents to the strategies of interest groups in attempting to influence the choice of policies. Finally, the objective is to compare the theories to identify the role of institutions and the organization of interest on public policy choices.