Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Inter-Community Sociopolitical Relations Among Pueblo IV Settlements: A Case Study from the Jumanos Pueblo Cluster, Central New Mexico

在Dr. Katherine Spielmann的指导下，William Graves先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将在普韦布洛布兰科（Pueblo Blanco）进行考古发掘，这是一个位于新墨西哥州里约热内卢Grande地区的史前晚期遗址。由于在这一地区和西南部的类似地区进行了广泛的前期研究，史前的大致轮廓是众所周知的。从公元1300年到1450年，今天霍皮人的祖先生活在分散的小定居点。在这一时期结束时，人们聚集在更大的地点，形成了村庄群。相隔几公里的一系列村庄似乎彼此之间有广泛的相互作用，并且与相似的集群相隔相当远。虽然这种模式描述得很好，但其原因却没有得到很好的理解。格雷夫斯先生将关注的不是集群之间的关系，而是一个个体群体中村庄之间的关系。他感兴趣的是社会复杂性增长背后的过程，以及导致和维持集中控制的因素。这样的集群为研究这个问题提供了一个很好的背景。已经提出了几个相互冲突的模型，从基本的村庄间平等到基于仪式控制的等级制度。Jumanos pueblo集群由四个村庄组成，其中pueblanco是其中一个。在斯皮尔曼博士的指导下，亚利桑那州立大学暑期野外学校项目的学生们挖掘了另外两个部分重叠的遗址，格雷夫斯先生对收集到的材料进行了初步分析，以确定它们之间的关系。对普韦布洛布兰科的挖掘将提供一个足够大的数据库，以确定是否存在地位等级制度，以及控制权是否归属于单一地点。迄今为止的证据，包括从相当远的地方进口的仪式物品、陶器和野牛肉，都表明情况确实如此。在国家科学基金会的支持下，格雷夫斯先生将在广泛分布于现场的垃圾堆中进行一季的挖掘，并分析所发现的石器、陶瓷和动物材料。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将为美国的史前史提供新的线索，并为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它将增加对社会复杂性如何发展的理解，并有助于培养有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Katherine Spielmann, Mr. William Graves will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will conduct archaeological excavation at Pueblo Blanco, a late prehistoric site located in the Rio Grande region of New Mexico. Because of extensive prior research in this and comparable areas within the Southwest the general outline of the prehistory is well known. From ca. 1300 to 1450 AD ancestors of the present day Hopi peoples lived in small dispersed settlements. At the end of this time people aggregated into larger sites which formed village clusters. Series of villages, located within kilometers of each other appear to have interacted extensively among themselves and were separated from similar clusters by considerable distance. While this pattern is well described the reasons for it are not well understood. Mr. Graves will concentrate on relationships not between clusters but rather between villages in one individual group. He is interested in the processes which underlie the growth of social complexity and the factors which lead to and maintain centralized control. Such clusters provide an excellent context to examine this issue. Several conflicting models ranging from essential intervillage parity to a hierarchy based on ritual control have been proposed.The Jumanos pueblo cluster consists of four villages of which Pueblo Blanco is one. Under Dr. Spielmann's direction student participants in the Arizona State University summer field school program have excavated two other sites which partially overlap in time and Mr. Graves has conducted a preliminary analysis of the material collected to determine the relationships between them. Excavation of Pueblo Blanco will provide a large enough data base to determine whether a status hierarchy was present and whether control was vested in a single site. Evidence to date, including ritual objects as well as pottery and bison meat imported from considerable distance suggests that such was the case. With National Science Foundation support Mr. Graves will conduct one season of excavation in the extensive trash middens which are widely distributed across the site and analyze the lithic, ceramic and faunal materials recovered.This research is important for several reasons. It will shed new light on the prehistory of the United States and provide data of interest to many archaeologists. It will increase understanding of how social complexity develops and assist in training a promising young scientist.