Dissertation Research: Craft Production and the Organization of a Hohokam Platform Mound Community

在凯瑟琳斯皮尔曼博士的指导下，詹姆斯贝曼先生 将为他的博士论文收集数据他将进行 索诺兰地区马拉纳遗址的考古发掘 亚利桑那州的沙漠这个地方，由霍霍坎建造和占用， 约公元1100-11350年， 一个占地146平方公里的大型多站点社区的影响 区域和交叉三个环境区。迄今为止，研究 在其中两个区域进行了研究， 基金会支持贝曼先生将在第三个 收集比较数据。他将放置1 x 2米的测试坑， 出现的四个最大的垃圾堆代表了 仍然是独立的家庭。然后他会分析这些材料 以确定生产活动的种类 这一地区的特点和性质和频率的“异国情调” 材料.利用这些数据，他将试图重建 马拉纳社会、政治和经济组织。 到公元第一个千年早期， 一个复杂的社会， 一个严酷而不可预测的沙漠环境。考古学家希望 去理解Hohocam群体是如何组织起来 在这种看似困难的情况下取得成功。在许多领域 考古学家们开发了大规模的灌溉系统 我认为，建造和维护运河的需要导致了 政治集权的增长和不断加强。 Marana社区很有趣，因为这个群体似乎 依赖于降雨农业，而运河系统 礼物贝曼先生认为， 分区域的专业化和控制外来材料， 精英们的社会功能与运河和他的研究一样 将评估这一假设。 这项工作之所以重要，有几个原因。这将增加我们的 对美国历史上一个仅被部分理解的时期的理解 史前史它将揭示社会如何在一个简单的 适应恶劣和不可预测环境的技术水平 最后，它将有助于培养有前途的年轻人 科学家

Under the direction of Dr. Katherine Spielmann, Mr. James Bayman will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will conduct archaeological excavation at the site of Marana in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. This site, constructed and occupied by Hohokan peoples, dates from approximately AD 1100-11350 and consists, in effect of a vast multi-site community which spans a 146 km square area and cross-cuts three environmental zones. To date, research has been conducted in two of these zones and with National Science Foundation support Mr. Bayman will excavate in the third of these to collect comparative data. He will place 1 x 2 meter test pits in four of the largest refuse middens which appear the represent the remains of separate households. He will then analyze the materials recovered both to determine the kinds of production activities which characterized this zone and nature and frequency of "exotic" materials. With these data he will attempt to reconstruct the social, political and economic organization of Marana. By early in the first millennium A.D. Hohocam peoples had developed a complex society which knit together large numbers of peoples in a harsh and unpredictable desert environment. Archaeologists wish to understand how Hohocam groups organized themselves to exist successfully in this seemingly difficult situation. In many areas groups developed large scale irrigation systems and archaeologists believe that the need both to build and then maintain canals led to the growth and continual reinforcement of political centralization. The Marana community is interesting because this group appears to have depended on rainfall agriculture and a canal system is not present. Mr. Bayman believes that a combination of economic specialization by subregion and control of exotic materials by elites served the same social function as canals and his research will evaluate this hypothesis. This work is important for several reasons. It will increase our understanding of an only partially understood period in American prehistory. It will shed new light on how societies at a simple level of technology adapted to harsh and unpredictable environments and finally it will contribute to the training of a promising young scientist.