Dissertation Research: Differential Resource Access in a Thule Eskimo Whaling Community

9313627斯皮尔曼在凯瑟琳·斯皮尔曼博士的指导下，彼得·惠特里奇先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他已经开始并将继续在PaJs-2遗址进行考古挖掘，该遗址位于加拿大北极中部，约在公元1100-1450年间由图勒·爱斯基摩人居住。初步数据显示，该遗址每年反复被100至200人占据6至8个月，他们的经济集中在对弓头鲸的密集捕捞上。在挖掘过程中，惠特里奇将展示七处住宅、一座礼仪性房屋以及周围的活动区和助产士。由于永久冻土条件，人工材料保存完好，并为这些史前民族的生活提供了详细的洞察。惠特里奇将把重点放在地位差异上，并将审查材料，以洞察经济资源获得差异的程度。因此，有价值的食物--反映在动物骨骼上--以及稀有的稀有商品将成为人们关注的焦点。考古学家对社会不平等的起源和原因很感兴趣，从这个角度来看，图勒·爱斯基摩人特别感兴趣。人们普遍认为，狩猎采集社会本质上基本上是平等主义的，由于这种生活方式的严酷，性别和家庭之间的地位差异很少发生。然而，由于像图勒这样专门捕杀鲸鱼的团体，食物往往很丰富，根据人种学的类比，成功的猎人往往受到极大的尊重。惠特里奇先生希望审查这些因素是否实际上导致了不平等。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将提供许多考古学家感兴趣的数据。它将增加我们对导致复杂社会出现的过程的了解，并有助于培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。***

9313627 Spielmann Under the direction of Dr. Katherine Spielmann, Mr. Peter Whitridge will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He has begun and will continue archaeological excavations at the site of PaJs-2 which is located in the Central Canadian arctic and was inhabited by Thule Eskimo peoples between ca. 1100 - 1450 A.D. Preliminary data indicate that the site was occupied recurrently for six to eight months a year by a group of 100 to 200 people whose economy centered in intensive harvesting of bowhead whales. Over the course of excavation, Mr. Whitridge will expose seven domestic dwellings, a ceremonial house and surrounding activity areas and middens. Because of permafrost conditions, artifactual material is well preserved and provide detailed insight into the lives of these prehistoric peoples. Mr. Whitridge will focus on status differentiation and will examine materials to gain insight into the degree of differential access to economic resources. Thus valued foods - as reflected in animal bone - and exotic and scarce commodities will provide a focus for attention. Archaeologists are interested in the origin and causes of social inequality and Thule Eskimo from this perspective are of particular interest. It is widely believed that hunter gatherer societies are basically egalitarian in nature and because of the rigors of this way of life, status distinctions between sexes and between families rarely if ever occur. However because groups such as the Thule specialized in whale hunting, food was often abundant and based on ethnographic analogy successful hunters often were accorded great respect. Mr. Whitridge wishes to examine whether such factors in fact resulted in inequalities. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many archaeologists. It will increase our understanding of the processes which led to the emergence of complex society and assist in the training of a promising young scientist. ***