Dissertation Research: Differential Resource Access in a Thule Eskimo Whaling Community

小行星9313627 在凯瑟琳斯皮尔曼博士的指导下，彼得·惠里奇先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他已经开始并将继续在PaJs-2遗址进行考古发掘，该遗址位于加拿大中部北极地区，大约在公元前200年至公元前200年之间居住着图勒爱斯基摩人。1100 - 1450 A.D.初步数据显示，该地点每年被一群100至200人的人占据6至8个月，他们的经济集中在北极露脊鲸的密集捕捞上。 在挖掘过程中，惠特里奇先生将暴露七个家庭住宅，一个仪式房屋和周围的活动区和垃圾坑。由于永久冻土的条件，人造材料保存完好，并提供了详细的了解这些史前人民的生活。Whitridge先生将重点讨论地位差别问题，并将研究材料，以深入了解获得经济资源的差别程度。 因此，有价值的食物-如动物骨头所反映的-以及外来和稀缺的商品将成为关注的焦点。 考古学家对社会不平等的起源和原因感兴趣，从这个角度来看，图勒爱斯基摩人特别感兴趣。人们普遍认为，狩猎采集社会本质上基本上是平等的，由于这种生活方式的严酷，性别之间和家庭之间的地位差异很少发生。然而，由于像图勒人这样的群体专门从事捕鲸，食物往往很丰富，根据人种学类比，成功的猎人往往受到极大的尊重。Whitridge先生希望审查这些因素是否实际上导致了不平等。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它将增加我们对导致复杂社会出现的过程的理解，并有助于培养有前途的年轻科学家。 ***

9313627 Spielmann Under the direction of Dr. Katherine Spielmann, Mr. Peter Whitridge will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He has begun and will continue archaeological excavations at the site of PaJs-2 which is located in the Central Canadian arctic and was inhabited by Thule Eskimo peoples between ca. 1100 - 1450 A.D. Preliminary data indicate that the site was occupied recurrently for six to eight months a year by a group of 100 to 200 people whose economy centered in intensive harvesting of bowhead whales. Over the course of excavation, Mr. Whitridge will expose seven domestic dwellings, a ceremonial house and surrounding activity areas and middens. Because of permafrost conditions, artifactual material is well preserved and provide detailed insight into the lives of these prehistoric peoples. Mr. Whitridge will focus on status differentiation and will examine materials to gain insight into the degree of differential access to economic resources. Thus valued foods - as reflected in animal bone - and exotic and scarce commodities will provide a focus for attention. Archaeologists are interested in the origin and causes of social inequality and Thule Eskimo from this perspective are of particular interest. It is widely believed that hunter gatherer societies are basically egalitarian in nature and because of the rigors of this way of life, status distinctions between sexes and between families rarely if ever occur. However because groups such as the Thule specialized in whale hunting, food was often abundant and based on ethnographic analogy successful hunters often were accorded great respect. Mr. Whitridge wishes to examine whether such factors in fact resulted in inequalities. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many archaeologists. It will increase our understanding of the processes which led to the emergence of complex society and assist in the training of a promising young scientist. ***