Collaborative Research: Optical Environmental of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) Region

该项目通过对环境的光学特性进行建模，在南极冬季冰雪覆盖的演变和生物栖息地的可变性之间建立了机制联系，从而有助于协调努力了解生物和物理动力学之间的相互作用。这项工作将在全球海洋生态系统动力学研究(GLOBEC)南大洋实验的背景下进行，GLOBEC是一项大型、多研究者研究南极海冰下磷虾冬季生存策略的研究。雪和海冰的光学特性在整个冬季演变，在光谱和空间上都有很大的变化。这些特性是物理环境的一个重要因素，对南极磷虾的分布和可用的资源都有很大的影响。入射辐射能量的强度及其在雪、冰和水柱环境中的分布，以及调节其分布的相关物理、光学、化学和生物过程通常是已知的，但量化很少。雪和冰的光学性质也影响雪藻、冰藻和水柱的生产力，以及捕食者和猎物的能见度。此外，光学特性作为地球物理海冰参数的替代指标，在卫星观测中发挥着至关重要的作用，使当地观测能够在空间和时间上更准确地外推，从而提供原本不可能的区域覆盖范围。拟议的是部署一组仪表式冰标，并定期进行船基和卫星观测，同时进行理论研究，以创建改进的量化模型，用于跟踪冰雪海洋生态系统的时间和空间演变。具体目标是通过耦合现有组件来开发热力学海冰/生态系统模型，以测试我们对该系统的理解，确定其敏感性，并为整合南大洋GLOBEC观测提供组织机制。***

This project is a contribution to a coordinated attempt to understand the interactions of biological and physical dynamics by developing mechanistic links between the evolution of the antarctic winter ice and snow cover, and biological habitat variability, through modeling the optical properties of the environment. The work will be carried out in the context of the Southern Ocean Experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Study (Globec), a large, multi-investigator study of the winter survival strategy of krill under the antarctic sea ice.The optical properties of snow and sea ice evolve through the winter and vary greatly both spectrally and spatially. These properties are an important element of the physical environment that strongly influences both the distribution of and the resources available to antarctic krill. The intensity of incident radiant energy and its distribution within the snow, ice, and water column environment, and the linked physical, optical, chemical, and biological processes that modulate its distribution are generally known but poorly quantified. The optical properties of snow and ice also influence snow algae, ice algae, and water column productivity, as well as visibility for both predator and prey. Furthermore, optical properties play an essential role in satellite observations as proxy indicators of geophysical sea ice parameters which permit local observations to be more accurately extrapolated in space and time, thus providing regional coverage that would otherwise not be possible. What is proposed is the deployment of an array of instrumented ice beacons, augmented by periodic ship-based and satellite observations, along with theoretical studies to create improved quantitative models with which to follow the temporal and spatial evolution of this snow and ice marine ecosystem.The specific objective is to develop a thermodynamic sea ice/ecosystem model through coupling of existing components in order to test our understanding of the system, determine its sensitivities, and to provide an organizing mechanism for integrating the Southern Ocean Globec observations. ***