Collaborative Research: Optical Environmental of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) Region

合作研究：南极半岛西部（WAP）区域的光学环境

• 批准号: 9910391
• 负责人: Raymond Smith
• 金额: $ 15.75万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9910391&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Optical; Environmental; Western

This project is a contribution to a coordinated attempt to understand the interactions of biological and physical dynamics by developing mechanistic links between the evolution of the antarctic winter ice and snow cover, and biological habitat variability, through modeling the optical properties of the environment. The work will be carried out in the context of the Southern Ocean Experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Study (Globec), a large, multi-investigator study of the winter survival strategy of krill under the antarctic sea ice.The optical properties of snow and sea ice evolve through the winter and vary greatly both spectrally and spatially. These properties are an important element of the physical environment that strongly influences both the distribution of and the resources available to antarctic krill. The intensity of incident radiant energy and its distribution within the snow, ice, and water column environment, and the linked physical, optical, chemical, and biological processes that modulate its distribution are generally known but poorly quantified. The optical properties of snow and ice also influence snow algae, ice algae, and water column productivity, as well as visibility for both predator and prey. Furthermore, optical properties play an essential role in satellite observations as proxy indicators of geophysical sea ice parameters which permit local observations to be more accurately extrapolated in space and time, thus providing regional coverage that would otherwise not be possible. What is proposed is the deployment of an array of instrumented ice beacons, augmented by periodic ship-based and satellite observations, along with theoretical studies to create improved quantitative models with which to follow the temporal and spatial evolution of this snow and ice marine ecosystem.The specific objective is to develop a thermodynamic sea ice/ecosystem model through coupling of existing components in order to test our understanding of the system, determine its sensitivities, and to provide an organizing mechanism for integrating the Southern Ocean Globec observations. ***

该项目通过对环境的光学特性进行建模，开发南极冬季冰雪覆盖的演化与生物栖息地变化之间的机械联系，为理解生物和物理动力学的相互作用做出了协调一致的尝试。 这项工作将在全球海洋生态系统动力学研究 (Globec) 的南大洋实验的背景下进行，这是一项大型、多位研究者对南极海冰下磷虾冬季生存策略的研究。雪和海冰的光学特性在整个冬季不断变化，在光谱和空间上变化很大。 这些特性是自然环境的重要组成部分，强烈影响南极磷虾的分布和可用资源。 入射辐射能的强度及其在雪、冰和水柱环境中的分布，以及调节其分布的相关物理、光学、化学和生物过程通常是已知的，但很少量化。 雪和冰的光学特性也会影响雪藻、冰藻和水柱的生产力，以及捕食者和猎物的能见度。 此外，光学特性在卫星观测中发挥着至关重要的作用，作为地球物理海冰参数的代理指标，使当地观测能够在空间和时间上更准确地推断，从而提供否则不可能实现的区域覆盖。 建议部署一系列仪器化冰信标，并通过定期船基和卫星观测进行增强，并进行理论研究，以创建改进的定量模型，以跟踪冰雪海洋生态系统的时间和空间演变。具体目标是通过现有组件的耦合开发热力学海冰/生态系统模型，以测试我们对系统的理解，确定其 敏感性，并提供整合南大洋 Globec 观测的组织机制。 ***