The Developmental Basis for Evolutionary Changes in the Larval Biology of Brachiopods

腕足动物幼虫生物学进化变化的发育基础

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    9982025
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 47.07万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2000-02-01 至 2007-01-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Invertebrate animals in most extant phyla have a complex life historywith larval and adult phases that are separated by a metamoprhictransition. It is thought that a great deal of evolutionary change hasoccurred in the context of this transition. Phylogenetic studies onbrachiopods indicate that an ancestor of two subphyla: Linguliformea andCraniiformea gave rise to the more derived subphylum Rhynchonelliformea.Extant members of the Linguliformea have long lived planktotrophic larvaethat eat and grow in the plankton, while extant Craniiformea have shortlived lecithotrophic larvae that do not eat. Both the Linguliformea andCraniiformea have an excellent fossil record that extends back to the LowerPaleozoic. By analyzing the apex of the shells of these fossils one caninfer when the mantle tissue that laid down the first shell was formed.All of the families in these two subphyla initially had planktotrophiclarvae. The extant members of the Rhynchonelliformea all havelecithotriophic larvae. Since this subphylum originated from an ancestorwith planktotrophic larvae, lecithotrophy is a derived state. One aim ofthis proposal is to do a study of fossils in the Rhynchonelliformea thatshow traces of an embryonic or larval mantle in order to trace theevolution of larval type. The other aim of this proposal is to examinemantle formation in the context of metamorphosis in extant brachiopods. 1)A comparative survey will be done in order to find out to what extentrepresentatives of extant subphyla use the same signal transductionmechansisms to trigger metamorphosis following exposure to an appropriateexternal cue. 2) Experiments will be done where larvae are reared well pastthe normal time of metamorphosis in order to see if continuingdevelopmental events lead to the formation of post-larval structures suchas a feeding apparatus, alimentary system and shell in the absence ofmetamorphosis. 3) There is a candidate gene , brachiopod "engrailed" thatmay play a role in mantle differentiation. A comparative study will bedone to examine tissue specific expression of this gene in representativesof each subphylum.
大多数现存的无脊椎动物都有一个复杂的生活史,幼虫和成虫阶段被一个后生阶段的过渡所分隔。 人们认为,在这种转变的背景下,发生了大量的进化变化。对腕足动物的系统发育研究表明,两个亚门的祖先:Linguliformea和Craniiformea产生了更衍生的亚门Rhynchonelliformea。现存的Linguliformea成员有长寿的营养型幼虫,吃浮游生物并在浮游生物中生长,而现存的Craniiformea有短命的营养型幼虫,不吃浮游生物。 Linguliformea和Craniiformea都有很好的化石记录,可以追溯到下古生代。 通过分析这些化石的壳的顶端,我们可以推断出形成第一个壳的地幔组织是何时形成的。这两个亚门中的所有科最初都有自养幼虫。 现生的喙水母目(Rhynchonelliformea)的幼虫均具石纹。 由于这一亚门起源于一个具有营养型幼虫的祖先,因此营养型是一种衍生状态。 该建议的一个目的是对Rhynchonelliformea中显示胚胎或幼虫地幔痕迹的化石进行研究,以追踪幼虫类型的进化。 这个建议的另一个目的是在现存腕足动物变态的背景下研究腕足动物的形成。(1)通过比较研究,发现在适当的外部刺激下,现存的亚门在何种程度上利用相同的信号传导机制来触发变态。2)实验将在正常变态期后饲养的幼虫中进行,以观察在没有变态的情况下,持续的发育事件是否导致幼虫后结构的形成,如摄食器、消化系统和壳。3)有一个候选基因,腕足动物的“enrailed”,可能在地幔分化中发挥作用。 将进行比较研究,以检查该基因在每个亚门的代表组织特异性表达。

项目成果

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Gary Freeman其他文献

Retrospective evaluation of current-based impedance compensation defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
基于电流的阻抗补偿除颤在院外心脏骤停中的回顾性评估
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2013
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    6.5
  • 作者:
    Bihua Chen;Changlin Yin;Giuseppe Ristagno;Weilun Quan;Qing Tan;Gary Freeman;Yongqin Li
  • 通讯作者:
    Yongqin Li
The Plumbago North pegmatite, Maine, USA: a new potential lithium resource
美国缅因州 Plumbago North 伟晶岩:新的潜在锂资源
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s00126-020-00956-y
  • 发表时间:
    2020
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.8
  • 作者:
    W. Simmons;A. Falster;Gary Freeman
  • 通讯作者:
    Gary Freeman
AS21 Significant decreases in amplitude spectrumarea during pre-defibrillation pauses in chest compression in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s0300-9572(11)70022-3
  • 发表时间:
    2011-10-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Giuseppe Ristagno;Weilun Quan;Qing Tan;Frederick Geheb;Gary Freeman;Wanchun Tang
  • 通讯作者:
    Wanchun Tang
Homogenous and heterogeneous site outcomes from an international resuscitation trial
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.06.136
  • 发表时间:
    2006-08-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    James Palazzolo;James Brewer;Gary Freeman;Henry Halperin
  • 通讯作者:
    Henry Halperin
AP023 Improved accuracy of prediction of defibrillation success by shortening amplitude spectrum area integration intervals in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s0300-9572(11)70057-0
  • 发表时间:
    2011-10-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Weilun Quan;Frederick Geheb;Gary Freeman;Joe Bisera
  • 通讯作者:
    Joe Bisera

Gary Freeman的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Gary Freeman', 18)}}的其他基金

The Comparative Experimental Embryology of Brachiopods
腕足动物比较实验胚胎学
  • 批准号:
    9513068
  • 财政年份:
    1996
  • 资助金额:
    $ 47.07万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Project: Calcium in the Early Development of Hydrozoan
合作项目:水螅虫早期发育中的钙
  • 批准号:
    9207441
  • 财政年份:
    1992
  • 资助金额:
    $ 47.07万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Project: Calcium in the Early Development of Hydrozoans
合作项目:水螅动物早期发育中的钙
  • 批准号:
    8904333
  • 财政年份:
    1989
  • 资助金额:
    $ 47.07万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
The Role of Animal-Vegetal Axial Properties in Integrating Echinoid Development: A Long-Term Cooperative Research Visit to Japan
动植物轴向特性在海胆发育整合中的作用:对日本的长期合作研究访问
  • 批准号:
    8410353
  • 财政年份:
    1985
  • 资助金额:
    $ 47.07万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science
政治学博士论文研究
  • 批准号:
    7724969
  • 财政年份:
    1978
  • 资助金额:
    $ 47.07万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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基于Volatility Basis-set方法对上海大气二次有机气溶胶生成的模拟
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