GLOBEC: Long-Term Observation Program in the Marine Ecosystem of the Northern California Current

GLOBEC在北加州海流海洋生态系统中的长期观测计划GLOBEC东北太平洋计划中的长期观测计划(LTOP)的目标是提供几个关键地点的物理、化学和生物环境的基本季节性描述；LTOP还旨在提供有关年际变化和长期变化的信息。北加州海流区LTOP的具体目标是：到2003年9月，对二维温度、盐度、密度、速度、溶解氧、营养物、叶绿素和浮游动物场进行季节性采样(每年五次)；确定布兰科角北部和南部区域是否具有类似的年际变化；为了确定1976-1977年大尺度气候变化是否反映在当代(1997-2003年)和历史(1961-1973年)对俄勒冈州中部近海海洋生态系统的观测结果之间的显著差异。PI将在春季和夏季对三个边缘横断面进行采样，以比较布兰科角北部和南部的上升流状况，并估计北纬40度到45度之间的大尺度沿岸梯度；在下降流季节(晚秋和冬季)，当近岸同质性很高时，只会采样一条断面。在加利福尼亚州海流GLOBEC过程研究的两年(2000年和2002年)期间，将通过在这两年的春季和夏季巡航上增加两个中间的交叉大陆架部分来加强采样。所有线路的采样将包括正在进行的采样以及水柱的现场采样。WOCE型漂流者在15米处下水，将在所有春季和夏季巡航中部署在纽波特附近的五个地点。将在纽波特附近维持一个系泊设施，以连续记录海洋生态系统的时间变异性，可用于更准确地确定春季和秋季过渡的时间、与厄尔尼诺事件有关的异常情况的开始，以及沿海海洋对当地风力强迫的反应。

GLOBEC Long-Term Observation Program in the Marine Ecosystem of the Northern California CurrentThe goal of the Long-Term Observation Program (LTOP) within GLOBEC North East Pacific Program is to provide the fundamental seasonal description of the physical, chemical and biological environment at a few critical locations; the LTOP also aims to provide information on interannual variability and long-term changes. The specific objectives of the LTOP in the Northern California Current region are: seasonal sampling (five times per year) of two-dimensional temperature, salinity, density, velocity, dissolved oxygen, nutrient, chlorophyll and zooplankton fields through September 2003; to determine whether the domains north and south of Cape Blanco have similar interannual variability; and to determine whether the 1976 - 1977 regime shift in the large-scale climate is reflected in significant differences between contemporary (1997 - 2003) and historical (1961 - 1973) observations of the marine ecosystem off central Oregon.The PIs will sample three cross-margin transects in spring and summer to compare the upwelling regimes north and south of Cape Blanco and to estimate the large-scale alongshore gradients between 40 degrees N and 45 degrees N; only one transect will be sampled during the downwelling season (late fall and winter) when there is high alongshore homogeneity. Sampling will be enhanced during the two years (2000 and 2002) of GLOBEC Process Studies in the California Current by adding two intermediate cross-shelf sections on spring and summer cruises in those years. Sampling on all lines will include underway sampling as well as on-station sampling of the water column. WOCE-type drifters drogued at 15 m will be deployed at five locations off Newport on all spring and summer cruises. One mooring will be maintained off Newport to provide a continuous record of the temporal variability of the marine ecosystem that can be used to identify more precisely the timing of the spring and fall transitions, the onset of anomalous conditions associated with El Nino episodes, and the coastal ocean response to local wind forcing.