GLOBEC: Long-Term Observation Program in the Marine Ecosystem of the Northern California Current

GLOBEC东北太平洋项目长期观测项目（LTOP）的目标是提供一些关键地点的物理、化学和生物环境的基本季节性描述；LTOP还旨在提供关于年际变率和长期变化的信息。LTOP在北加州洋流区域的具体目标是：到2003年9月，对二维温度、盐度、密度、流速、溶解氧、营养物、叶绿素和浮游动物场进行季节性采样（每年5次）；确定布兰科角北部和南部的区域是否具有相似的年际变化；确定1976 - 1977年大尺度气候的变化是否反映在当代（1997 - 2003年）和历史（1961 - 1973年）对俄勒冈中部海洋生态系统观测的显著差异上。pi将在春季和夏季对三个交叉边缘样带进行采样，以比较布兰科角北部和南部的上升流状况，并估计北纬40度至北纬45度之间的大规模沿岸梯度；在下降季节（深秋和冬季），只有一个样带将被采样，因为此时岸线同质性很高。在加利福尼亚海流GLOBEC过程研究的两年中（2000年和2002年），通过在这两年的春季和夏季巡航中增加两个中间跨大陆架部分，将加强取样。所有线路的采样将包括正在进行的采样以及站内水柱的采样。在所有春季和夏季的航行中，将在新港附近的五个地点部署15米高的woce型漂流器。将在纽波特附近保留一个系泊点，以提供海洋生态系统时间变化的连续记录，可用于更精确地确定春季和秋季转换的时间，与厄尔尼诺事件相关的异常条件的开始，以及沿海海洋对当地风强迫的反应。

GLOBEC Long-Term Observation Program in the Marine Ecosystem of the Northern California CurrentThe goal of the Long-Term Observation Program (LTOP) within GLOBEC North East Pacific Program is to provide the fundamental seasonal description of the physical, chemical and biological environment at a few critical locations; the LTOP also aims to provide information on interannual variability and long-term changes. The specific objectives of the LTOP in the Northern California Current region are: seasonal sampling (five times per year) of two-dimensional temperature, salinity, density, velocity, dissolved oxygen, nutrient, chlorophyll and zooplankton fields through September 2003; to determine whether the domains north and south of Cape Blanco have similar interannual variability; and to determine whether the 1976 - 1977 regime shift in the large-scale climate is reflected in significant differences between contemporary (1997 - 2003) and historical (1961 - 1973) observations of the marine ecosystem off central Oregon.The PIs will sample three cross-margin transects in spring and summer to compare the upwelling regimes north and south of Cape Blanco and to estimate the large-scale alongshore gradients between 40 degrees N and 45 degrees N; only one transect will be sampled during the downwelling season (late fall and winter) when there is high alongshore homogeneity. Sampling will be enhanced during the two years (2000 and 2002) of GLOBEC Process Studies in the California Current by adding two intermediate cross-shelf sections on spring and summer cruises in those years. Sampling on all lines will include underway sampling as well as on-station sampling of the water column. WOCE-type drifters drogued at 15 m will be deployed at five locations off Newport on all spring and summer cruises. One mooring will be maintained off Newport to provide a continuous record of the temporal variability of the marine ecosystem that can be used to identify more precisely the timing of the spring and fall transitions, the onset of anomalous conditions associated with El Nino episodes, and the coastal ocean response to local wind forcing.