Phylogenetic Systematics and Diversity of the Agaricales Fungi

伞菌目真菌的系统发育系统学和多样性

• 批准号: 0076023
• 负责人: Rytas Vilgalys
• 金额: $ 21.8万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2003-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0076023&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phylogenetic; Systematics; Diversity; Agaricales; Fungi

f0076023Vilgalys The study of organismal phylogeny provides a basis for taxonomic classification and also a way to measure the earth's tremendous biological diversity. This project by Prof. Rytas Vilgalys at Duke University and colleagues Dr. Jean-Marc Moncalvo and Dr. James Johnson at Cameron University focuses on phylogenetic systematics of gilled and fleshy mushrooms, in the order Agaricales, and the analysis of biological diversity in this group based on molecular phylogenetic trees. Mushrooms and related fungi are estimated to include over 10,000 species and they are often essential components of terrestrial ecosystems, playing important roles as primary decomposers of organic matter, as mutualistic symbionts of plants, but also as agents of plant and animal disease. The unique biochemical pathways of fungi also represent a largely untapped source of novel metabolites and potential drugs. The project extends current research to incorporate additional sequenced genes from both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, as evidence to infer phylogenetic relatedness among fungal taxa and to reclassify these fungi into an estimated 25-35 families. This molecular phylogenetic framework in turn permits evaluation of morphological features associated with reduced and enclosed ("puffballs") forms of agaric fungi and also the mycorrhizal habit, to understand the apparently multiple and independent cases of convergent evolution in spore-producing and root-infecting structures. The project will develop a comprehensive DNA sequence database for quick identification and accurate classification of agaric fungi. The study will also develop a theoretical framework for measuring biodiversity based on DNA evidence, which may prove useful for comparative studies and for making conservation decisions based on measures of genetic diversity within geographic areas.

生物体发生学的研究为生物分类学提供了基础，也是衡量地球上巨大的生物多样性的一种方法。这个项目由杜克大学的Rytas Vilgalys教授和卡梅隆大学的Jean-Marc Moncalvo博士和James约翰逊博士的同事共同完成，主要研究伞菌目中鳃菌和肉质菌的系统发育学，以及基于分子系统发育树的这一类群的生物多样性分析。据估计，蘑菇和相关真菌包括10，000多个物种，它们往往是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，作为有机物质的主要分解者，作为植物的互惠共生体，以及作为植物和动物疾病的媒介，发挥着重要作用。真菌独特的生化途径也代表了新代谢物和潜在药物的一个很大程度上未开发的来源。该项目扩展了目前的研究，将来自核和线粒体基因组的额外测序基因作为证据，以推断真菌类群之间的系统发育相关性，并将这些真菌重新分类为估计的25-35个家族。这一分子系统发育框架反过来又允许评估与减少和封闭（“马勃”）形式的木耳真菌和菌根的习惯，以了解显然是多个和独立的情况下，在孢子生产和根感染结构的趋同进化的形态特征。该项目将建立一个全面的DNA序列数据库，用于快速鉴定和准确分类木耳真菌。这项研究还将建立一个理论框架，根据DNA证据衡量生物多样性，这可能有助于比较研究和根据地理区域内遗传多样性的衡量标准作出养护决定。