The Agaricales: Molecular Systematics and Evolution of Mushrooms

伞菌目：蘑菇的分子系统学和进化

• 批准号: 9708035
• 负责人: Rytas Vilgalys
• 金额: $ 21.8万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-08-01 至 2001-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9708035&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Agaricales; Molecular; Systematics; Evolution; Mushrooms

9708035 Vilgalys Mushrooms are among the most conspicuous groups of fungi found in nature, and are of ecological and economic importance. This project by Dr. Rytas Vilgalys of Duke University and his colleagues in Canada and the U.S. supports the development of a DNA sequence data base for taxonomic studies of mushroom fungi and their allies (usually placed in the order Agaricales, of the basidiomycetes). Although there has been much speculation about the relationships of diverse mushroom groups (gilled or poroid forms, underground "truffle" forms, etc.), little is known about their phylogenetic origins or the characters that reliably define each of the lineages. The taxonomy of mushrooms has traditionally relied on morphological features that are known or suspected to be subject to parallel or convergent evolution, or are phenotypically plastic within species or genera; as a result, many families are considered artificial assemblages, keyed to easily recognizable characters that nonetheless do not correlate with other features of their biology. An independent data set of DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal genes, from more than 500 representative species sampled from tropical, temperate, and boreal regions, provides for measurement of mutational differences that can then be used to construct phylogenetic trees for mushroom groups. When compared and integrated with traditional morphological and life-history characters of the fungi, the molecular sequence data will aid researchers in the identification of new or poorly known species, and provide a comparative basis for studies on mushroom ecology and biology. The evolutionary origins and diversity of "fruit body" formation in mushrooms, of their enzymatic capabilities for digesting wood and carbohydrates, and of their general nutritional modes (saprophytic, parasitic, mutualistic) can be studied in a rigorous comparative manner in the context of a well-supported phylogenetic framework that establishes the genealogical connections among species. Dr. Vilgalys is one of the leaders in this new comparative biology of fungi.

9708035 Vilgalys蘑菇是自然界中发现的最显眼的真菌组之一，并且具有生态和经济意义。该项目由杜克大学的Rytas Vilgalys及其在加拿大的同事和美国的同事支持开发DNA序列数据基础，用于用于蘑菇真菌及其盟友的分类学研究（通常位于Basidiomycetes的琼脂阶层）中。尽管人们对各种蘑菇群的关系（Gilled或Poroid形式，地下“松露”形式等）有很多猜测，但对它们的系统发育起源或可靠定义每个谱系的字符知之甚少。传统上，蘑菇的分类法依赖于形态学特征，这些特征已知或怀疑会受到平行或收敛的进化，或者在物种或属内表型塑料。结果，许多家庭被认为是人工组合，被键入易于识别的角色，尽管如此，这些字符与其生物学的其他特征无关。来自核核糖体基因的DNA序列的独立数据集，来自从热带，温带和北方地区采样的500多种代表性物种，可用于测量突变差异，然后可以使用这些差异来构造蘑菇组的系统发育树。当比较并与真菌的传统形态和生活历史特征进行比较并整合时，分子序列数据将有助于研究人员鉴定新的或鲜为人知的物种，并为蘑菇生态学和生物学研究提供了比较基础。 蘑菇中“水果体”形成的进化起源和多样性，它们用于消化木材和碳水化合物的酶促能力及其一般营养模式（腐生，寄生，互惠，互助）的一般营养模式（可以用严格的比较方式研究），以一种良好的基因生成连接的构建，以一种良好的框架来建立基因构成。 Vilgalys博士是这种新型真菌比较生物学的领导者之一。