A Microbial Observatory in the Duke Forest: Exploring Fungal Diversity in Response to Environmental Change

杜克森林微生物观测站：探索真菌多样性以应对环境变化

• 批准号: 0084207
• 负责人: Rytas Vilgalys
• 金额: $ 41.19万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-10-01 至 2004-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0084207&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Microbial; Observatory; Duke; Forest; Exploring

In many large-scale ecological studies the diversity of fungi and their roles in ecosystem function and change are almost totally ignored. Recent advances in the fields of DNA sequencing, bioinformatics, and phylogenetic analysis have made possible many advances in studies of microbial diversity. A system for performing routine surveys of fungal biodiversity in Duke Forest (Durham, NC) based on molecular systematics is being developed. The Duke Forest lies near the eastern edge of the North Carolina piedmont plateau and supports diverse plant species (over100 tree species), soils, and land use conditions and research projects currently underway include surveys of arthropod diversity, studies of the effects of environmental change including elevated carbon dioxide, different land use histories, and the dynamics of naturally evolving forest communities. The Duke Forest Mycological Observatory (DFMO) will permit the study of those fungal communities which form the core group of saprophytic and mycorrhizal fungi in temperate forests. As a pilot project, plots representing a range of forest types will be surveyed in order to establish a baseline data set of basidiomycete diversity from the forest. Plots located within several long-term studies including the recently initiated Free-Air Carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment will next be studied. Early data from the FACE study indicate shifts in the microbial population in the soil, but as yet there have been no surveys of microbial diversity by FACE. Shifts in the abundance, activity and diversity of mycorrhizal fungi are particularly likely (in response to a greater supply of root exudates in the FACE plots) and may play an important role in long term forest/ecosystem health and stability. This study will develop a DNA-sequence database framework (based on ribosomal ITS sequences) linked with sites within the Duke Forest. Extensive molecular databases are already available for most fungal groups, making it possible to identify isolates to the genus in most instances and often to the species level. The focus will be on soil, litter and mycorrhizal samples from these sites, which will provide a more unbiased estimate of microbial diversity than estimates based 'above ground' sampling of fruit bodies or cultivable diversity. These data will then form a basis for the long term monitoring of fungal microbial diversity within the Duke Forest and FACE site. This project will provide baseline data about soil-inhabiting, mycorrhizal, soil, and litter-fungi from a variety of habitats. This project will also be one of the first studies of fungal community structure to assess the impacts of various environmental variables such as increases in carbon dioxide concentration on fungal diversity.

在许多大规模生态研究中，真菌的多样性及其在生态系统功能和变化中的作用几乎完全被忽略。 DNA测序，生物信息学和系统发育分析领域的最新进展已使微生物多样性研究的许多进步成为可能。 正在开发一种基于分子系统学的杜克森林（Durham，NC）进行真菌生物多样性的常规调查的系统。杜克森林位于北卡罗来纳州皮埃蒙特高原的东部边缘附近，支持各种植物（100多种树种），土壤和土地使用条件和目前正在进行的土地使用条件和研究项目，包括对环境变化的影响，包括对环境变化的影响，包括二氧化碳，包括不同的土地使用历史悠久的历史，以及自然浮游森林社区的动态。 杜克森林真菌学天文台（DFMO）将允许研究那些在温带森林中构成腐生和菌根真菌核心的真菌群落。 作为一个试点项目，将调查代表一系列森林类型的地块，以便从森林中建立基线数据集的基线数据集。 接下来将研究位于几项长期研究中的地块，包括最近启动的自由空气二氧化碳富集（Face）实验。 来自面部研究的早期数据表明，土壤中微生物种群的变化，但尚无面对面的微生物多样性调查。 菌根真菌的丰度，活性和多样性的转变尤其可能（响应于面部图中的根部渗出量更大），并且可能在长期森林/生态系统的健康和稳定性中起重要作用。 这项研究将开发与杜克森林中的地点相关的DNA序列数据库框架（基于核糖体的序列）。大多数真菌基团已经可以使用广泛的分子数据库，因此可以在大多数情况下，通常在物种水平上识别与该属的分离物。重点将放在这些地点的土壤，垃圾和菌根样品上，这将提供比基于基于估计的水果体或可耕种多样性的“上面地面”采样的微生物多样性的估计。 然后，这些数据将构成对杜克森林和面部现场真菌微生物多样性的长期监测的基础。 该项目将提供有关各种栖息地的土壤居住，菌根，土壤和垃圾窝的基线数据。 该项目还将是评估各种环境变量（例如二氧化碳浓度增加对真菌多样性的增加）的最早研究。