Laboratory Exercises for Cognitive Science and Psychology

心理学-认知学(73)在本科课程中，人们对认知、大脑和行为的兴趣呈爆炸式增长。新的认知科学课程正在被引入，而神经生物学和心理学的标准课程正在注入认知科学的材料。当学生积极投身于这门学科时，学习是最有效的。因此，心理学教科书传统上使用视觉错觉来激发兴趣。尽管令人信服，但这种示威是静态的，而且范围必然有限。理想情况下，学生不仅会体验错觉，还会积极地进行实验，测试视觉以外的其他形式，并体验认知科学所有领域的材料。一般来说，为大型讲座课程提供成熟的实验室是不现实的，例如心理学入门、神经生物学入门或新兴的认知科学课程。然而，这类课程通常有讨论部分，通过实验和互动演示来丰富讨论部分。这个项目通过开发实验和演示的光盘来满足这些需要，学生可以在他们自己的计算机上使用，或者教师可以使用投影设备。计算机现在是心理学研究实验室的标准工具，也可以类似地用于教学。尽管许多错觉的好例子散布在互联网上，但它们严重偏向于视觉，往往缺乏解释，只让一个人成为被动的观察者。这张光盘走得更远，使用互动性进行实验和演示。此外，它超越了视觉，涵盖了听觉，并超越了感知，允许学生在认知科学的所有领域复制经典实验。该光盘涵盖了几个广泛的领域，包括视觉、听力、语言、学习和记忆、注意力、认知和实际应用。每个宽泛的领域都有几个模块。每个单元通常包括(1)现象演示，尽可能取自真实世界，(2)突出特征分离的演示，(3)量化现象的自我实验，以及(4)激发学生形成假设并使用光盘进行测试的问题。大多数模块适合所有级别的学生，入门的学生只需观看演示，高级的学生做实验并检验他们自己的假设。在所有层面上，这种方法都是开放式的和探索性的，而不是严格的说教。康奈尔大学心理学和认知研究项目的教师是这些领域的积极研究人员，他们可以帮助我们选择合适的主题和最近的实验，这些实验还没有在教科书中涵盖。康奈尔大学和其他地方的教师也积极参与CD-ROM开发过程中的评估，他们的研究专长和在课堂上测试测试版都是如此。与来自不同学院和大学的教职员工的初步接触表明，人们对这份材料相当感兴趣。此外，几家出版商对这一项目表现出了兴趣，使其在全国范围内传播成为必然。

Psychology - Cognitive (73) There has been an explosion of interest in matters relating cognition, brain, and behavior in the undergraduate curriculum. New courses in cognitive science are being introduced, while standard courses in neurobiology and psychology are being infused with material from cognitive science. Learning is most effective when students actively engage the subject. Thus psychology textbooks have traditionally used visual illusions to stimulate interest. Although compelling, such demonstrations are static and necessarily limited in scope. Ideally, students would not only experience illusions, but actively perform experiments, test modalities other than vision, and experience material from all areas of cognitive science. In general, it is not practical to provide full-fledged laboratories for large lecture courses such as introductory psychology, introductory neurobiology, or the emerging cognitive science courses. However, such courses often have discussion sections that would be enriched by experiments and interactive demonstrations. This project addresses these needs by development of a CD-ROM of experiments and demonstrations that can be used by students at their own computers or by instructors with projection equipment. Computers are now standard tools in the psychology research lab, and can be similarly used in teaching. Although many fine examples of illusions are scattered across the internet, they are heavily weighted toward vision, often lack explanation, and engage one only as a passive observer. This CD-ROM goes much further, using interactivity for experiments as well as demonstrations. Furthermore, it goes beyond vision to cover hearing, and beyond perception to allow students to replicate classic experiments in all areas of cognitive science. The CD-ROM covers several broad areas, including vision, hearing, language, learning and memory, attention, cognition, and practical applications. There are several modules devoted to each broad area. Each module generally includes (1) a demonstration of the phenomenon, taken from the real world where possible, (2) a demonstration with the salient features isolated, (3) a self-experiment to quantify the phenomenon, and (4) questions that stimulate students to form hypotheses and test them using the CD-ROM. Most modules are suitable for students at all levels, with introductory students simply viewing the demonstrations, and advanced students doing experiments and testing their own hypotheses. At all levels, the approach is open-ended and exploratory rather than strictly didactic. Faculty from Cornell's Department of Psychology and Cognitive Studies Program are active researchers in these fields and are available to assist us in choosing appropriate topics and recent experiments that are not yet covered in textbooks. Faculty from Cornell and elsewhere are also active in evaluating the CD-ROM during its development, both from their research expertise and by testing beta versions in their classrooms. Preliminary contacts with faculty from a variety of colleges and universities indicate considerable interest in this material. In addition, several publishers have shown interest in this project, making nationwide dissemination certain.