Metabolic Energy Costs of Development in Feeding and Non-Feeding Larvae

摄食和非摄食幼虫发育的代谢能量成本

• 批准号: 0095459
• 负责人: Adam Marsh
• 金额: $ 29.59万
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-02-01 至 2004-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0095459&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Metabolic; Energy; Costs; Development; Feeding

The energetics of larval development has received considerable attention in life-history models. Numerous theoretical considerations of the allocation of maternal energy to offspring have been published to describe the important implications of egg-size for determining the size and age of the larvae-juvenile at metamorphosis. However, the maternal allocation of energy to eggs is only one half of the developmental energetics equation. The other half is the actual amount of energy that a larva will utilize as it develops from an embryo to a juvenile, and this aspect of developmental energetics has received far less attention in the literature.The key to understanding the selective advantages or disadvantages of allocating lots of energy to a few big eggs (producing a large non-feeding larvae), or very little energy to lots of little eggs (producing a small feeding larvae), lies in an accurate assessment of the energy costs of development of each of these larval forms within a specific environment. The comparison of developmental energetics between different larval forms can be easily confounded by the phylogenetic distance between different larvae. However, a few invertebrate species produce multiple developmental forms and provide an ideal system for comparative developmental energetics. This project focuses on describing the energy costs of development in the feeding and non-feeding larvae of a single species, the spionid polychaete Streblospio benedicti.An investigation of the metabolic energy costs of development in the polychaete Streblospio benedicti will address four levels of biological function that determine energy utilization during larval development: developmental mode (feeding and non-feeding), individual variability (genotype), environmental variability (temperature and food), and protein metabolism (proteomics). Understanding these four determinants of developmental energy costs will provide a comparative framework for considering the selective advantages and disadvantages of feeding and non-feeding larval forms in current life-history models that incorporate estimates of larval metabolic requirements into the estimates of larval age and size at metamorphosis. This project will produce the first examination of a discrete biochemical mechanism (protein turnover) to account for differences in energy metabolism during development (both in terms of individual and envirom-nental variability) and potentially indicate an underlying genetic component of metabolic regulation involved in the evolution of feeding and non-feeding modes of development in marine invertebrate larvae.

幼虫发育的能量学在生活史模型中受到了相当大的关注。许多理论上的考虑分配母亲的能量给后代已经出版，以描述的重要影响，卵的大小，以确定大小和年龄的幼虫，少年在变态。然而，母亲分配给卵子的能量只是发育能量学方程的一半。另一半是幼虫从胚胎发育到幼体时实际利用的能量，这方面的发育能量学在文献中受到的关注要少得多。理解将大量能量分配给几个大卵的选择性优势或劣势的关键（产生一个大的非喂养幼虫），或很少的能量，以大量的小鸡蛋（产生小的进食幼虫）的能量消耗的准确评估在于准确评估这些幼虫形式中的每一种在特定环境中发育的能量消耗。不同幼虫形态之间的发育能量学比较很容易被不同幼虫之间的系统发育距离所混淆。然而，一些无脊椎动物物种产生多种发育形式，并提供了一个理想的系统比较发育能量学。本项目的重点是描述一个单一物种，spionid多毛纲Streblospio benedicti的摄食和非摄食幼虫发育的能量成本。对多毛纲Streblospio benedicti发育的代谢能量成本的调查将解决决定幼虫发育期间能量利用的四个生物功能水平：发育模式（喂养和非喂养）、个体变异性（基因型）、环境变异性（温度和食物）和蛋白质代谢（蛋白质组学）。了解这四个决定因素的发展能源成本将提供一个比较框架，考虑选择的优势和劣势，喂养和非喂养幼虫形式在目前的生活史模型，将估计幼虫的代谢需求到估计幼虫的年龄和大小在变态。该项目将产生一个离散的生化机制（蛋白质周转）的第一次检查，以解释在发展过程中的能量代谢的差异（无论是在个人和环境的变化），并可能表明一个潜在的遗传成分的代谢调节参与海洋无脊椎动物幼虫的摄食和非摄食的发展模式的演变。