In Search of a Sociopolitical Community: The Cases of Egypt, Iran, and Jordan

该项目包括对埃及、伊朗和约旦公众的世界观进行面对面的采访。这项研究建立在NSF资助的一项试点研究的基础上，该研究是与这三个国家的社会科学家合作设计和执行的。这些具有代表性的国家抽样调查的目的是：(1)分析公众的价值取向；(2)了解社会群体和价值结构之间的联系；(3)结合现有的比较历史研究，评估这三个国家的世俗化与理性-法律权威和自由民主之间的联系；(4)探索宗教信仰的程度和形式，以及宗教和性别之间以及宗教和民族主义之间的关系；以及(5)检查这些社会中价值观的协调程度。该项目的灵感来自于在这些国家发生的一个多世纪的意识形态争论中提出的一系列具有历史意义的问题。埃及、伊朗和约旦在近代的历史性社会变革并没有在这些国家就最基本的社会组织原则，如政府形式、适当的经济模式、与外部世界的关系、妇女地位和国家认同等问题达成全国性的共识。相反，这些社会经历了基于不同价值结构的不同文化运动。其中包括自由民族主义、伊斯兰现代主义、泛阿拉伯民族主义(在埃及和约旦)和伊斯兰原教旨主义。本研究将探讨以下几个问题：(1)埃及、伊朗和约旦的公众对这些不同的价值结构的支持程度如何？这些价值结构是否对应于不同的社会群体和阶层？(2)埃及、伊朗和约旦公众的价值结构有何不同？这些社会的人民在多大程度上有一套共同的信仰？(3)原教旨主义宗教信仰在这些公众中有多普遍？哪些因素有利于这些信念？(4)民主的支持度有多高？人际信任和宽容等相关取向有多普遍？什么因素有助于民主政治文化？(5)基本的社会学概括在伊斯兰社会中成立吗？阶级和宗教信仰之间以及宗教和政治参与之间是否存在正相关？在这些社会中，女性比男性更虔诚吗？这些调查是作为世界价值调查的一部分进行的，有关价值取向的关键项目与其他一些国家的调查中包含的项目相同。因此，可以使用比较标准来分析来自伊斯兰世界的数据，从而使这些发现在全球范围内具有意义。

The project consists of conducting face-to-face interviews on worldviews of the publics of Egypt, Iran and Jordan. The study builds upon a NSF-funded pilot study that was designed and executed in collaboration with social scientists from the three countries. The purpose of these surveys of representative national samples is to: (1) analyze the value orientation of the publics; (2) understand the connection between social groups and value structures; (3) assess in conjunction with the existing comparative historical research the connection between secularization in the three countries and rational-legal authority and liberal democracy; (4) to explore the extent and forms of religiosity, and the relationships between religion and gender and between religion and nationalism; and (5) examine the degree of concordance of values in these societies. The project is informed by a set of historically significant issues raised in more than a century of ideological contentions that transpired in these countries. The historical social transformation of Egypt, Iran, and Jordan in the modern era did not produce a national consensus in these countries regarding the most fundamental principles of social organization, such as the form of government, appropriate economic model, the relationship with the outside world, the status of women and a national identity. Instead these societies experienced different cultural movements based on diverse values structures. The included liberal-nationalism, Islamic modernism, pan Arab nationalism (in Egypt and Jordan) and Islamic fundamentalism. Several questions will be examined in this study.(1) To what extent is there public support for these diverse value structures in Egypt, Iran and Jordan? Do these value structures correspond to diverse social groups and classes?(2) How do value structures of the publics of Egypt, Iran and Jordan differ from each other? To what extent is there a shared set of beliefs among the peoples of these societies?(3) How widespread are fundamentalist religious beliefs among these publics? What factors are conducive of these beliefs?(4) How strong is support for democracy? How widespread are related orientations such as interpersonal trust and tolerance? What factors are conductive to a democratic political culture?(5) Do basic sociological generalizations hold in Islamic societies? Is there a positive correlation between class and religiosity and between religious and political participation? Are women more religious than men in these societies are?The surveys are being conducted as part of the World Value Survey and key items on value orientations are the same one that have been included on surveys in a number of other countries will be included. It is thus possible to analyze data from the Islamic world using comparative yardsticks that make the findings meaningful in a global context.