BE/CNH: Coupled Natural and Human Dynamics in Coral Reef Ecosystems: The Effect of Marine Reserve Network Design and Implementation

BE/CNH：珊瑚礁生态系统中自然和人类动态的耦合：海洋保护区网络设计和实施的影响

• 批准号: 0119976
• 负责人: Daniel Brumbaugh
• 金额: $ 249.77万
• 依托单位: American Museum Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-10-15 至 2007-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0119976&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Coupled; Natural; Human; Dynamics

PI: Brumbaugh Proposal: 0119976 The project by Daniel R. Brumbaugh, American Museum of Natural History, and colleagues is supported by the program Biocomplexity in the Environment, subprogram Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems (BE-CHN). This project will integrate theory and data from oceanography, biology, and social sciences to address major questions about the design of marine reserve networks. The researchers plan to establish a general theoretical framework with linked circulation, population, habitat, and socioeconomic submodels. This structure will allow systematic exploration of several core questions, including: (1) what are the crucial cascades and feedbacks among physical, biological, and social systems that influence how reserve networks function? (2) What are the roles of different stakeholder groups, such as various fisher groups, local residents, tourists, etc, in this network function? and (3) how compatible are network systems based largely on criteria to promote local acceptability of reserves versus those more centrally optimized around biophysical criteria? In all questions, network function will be addressed through the effects on fisheries,biodiversity, and social/cultural systems. In this way, The analyses will be able to directly address and compare a range of common network goals.The project will revolve around the development of a series of integrated models withincreasing spatial complexity and the acquisition of data to parameterize them. The modeling will start with analytical models and will then extend to spatially explicit (e.g., grid-based) and realistic (e.g., map-based) versions. Data collection will initially focus on intensive mining of published literature and databases for existing information, followed by targeted field work, including habitat mapping, surveys of species - habitat relationships, sampling for population genetic structure, and ethnographic studies of stakeholders. Models and data will eventually be incorporated into a dynamic GIS spatial-simulation tool- allowing users to run network design and management experiments via interactive simulation. This product will be made available to researchers, educators, and managers interested in the analysis of reserve network function.The researchers, distributed among multiple institutions, are adopting the Bahamas as their study system. This country, an archipelago of hundreds of island, is currently in the political process of expanding their set of marine protected areas (MPAs) into an interconnected network of marine reserves (to include up to 40 sites). Because of this, several Bahamas government and conservation agencies are welcoming scientific contributions to their policy-making discussions. In comparison to many other Caribbean countries, marine resources in the Bahamas also remain relatively intact because of the county's large size and relatively small population. The country's close proximity to Florida also makes it logistically feasible for project researchers to conduct fieldwork while remaining in close contact with their home institutions and other project collaborators.This project, taking advantage of special opportunities in the Bahamas, will develop new understanding about global phenomena- the anthropogenic degradation of reef ecosystems and the paradigmatic turn to marine reserves for better resource management. In exploring these concerns and answering the questions above, we also plan to support ongoing decision-making and educational activities in the Bahamas. This double strategy exemplifies the role of strategic (versus traditionally defined basic or applied) science to elucidate important processes while helping to solve problems. The proposed work will also have substantial educational spin-offs in both the US and the Bahamas. Informal education products, including multimedia presentations and web-base materials will be produced and disseminated by the museum. In addition, researchers will work with partner organizations in the Bahamas to develop project-related materials for teacher training and college courses.

PI：Brumbaugh 建议：0119976 该项目由丹尼尔R.美国自然历史博物馆的Brumbaugh及其同事得到了环境中的生物复杂性计划，耦合自然和人类系统的动力学子计划（BE-CHN）的支持。 该项目将整合来自海洋学，生物学和社会科学的理论和数据，以解决有关海洋保护区网络设计的主要问题。研究人员计划建立一个通用的理论框架，将循环、人口、栖息地和社会经济子模型联系起来。这种结构将允许系统地探索几个核心问题，包括：（1）什么是影响保护区网络功能的物理，生物和社会系统之间的关键级联和反馈？(2)不同的利益相关者群体，如各种渔民群体、当地居民、游客等，在这一网络功能中的作用是什么？以及（3）主要基于促进当地可接受性的标准的网络系统与围绕生物物理标准进行更集中优化的网络系统之间的兼容性如何？在所有问题中，网络功能将通过对渔业，生物多样性和社会/文化系统的影响来解决。通过这种方式，分析将能够直接解决和比较一系列共同的网络目标。该项目将围绕开发一系列具有越来越多的空间复杂性的集成模型和获取数据来参数化它们。建模将从分析模型开始，然后扩展到空间显式（例如，基于网格的）和真实的（例如，基于地图的）版本。数据收集工作最初将侧重于深入挖掘已发表的文献和数据库中的现有信息，然后开展有针对性的实地工作，包括生境绘图、物种-生境关系调查、种群遗传结构抽样以及利益攸关方的人种学研究。模型和数据最终将被纳入一个动态的地理信息系统空间模拟工具，使用户能够通过交互式模拟运行网络设计和管理实验。该产品将提供给对储备网络功能分析感兴趣的研究人员、教育工作者和管理人员。分布在多个机构的研究人员正在采用巴哈马作为他们的研究系统。这个国家是一个由数百个岛屿组成的群岛，目前正在将其海洋保护区（MPAs）扩展为一个相互连接的海洋保护区网络（包括多达40个地点）。正因为如此，巴哈马的几个政府和保护机构都欢迎科学贡献，他们的决策讨论。与许多其他加勒比国家相比，巴哈马的海洋资源也保持相对完整，因为该国面积大，人口相对较少。该国靠近佛罗里达，这也使项目研究人员在后勤上可以进行实地工作，同时与本国机构和其他项目合作者保持密切联系，该项目利用巴哈马的特殊机会，将对全球现象-人为造成的珊瑚礁生态系统退化和为更好地管理资源而转向海洋保护区-有新的认识。在探讨这些关切和回答上述问题时，我们还计划支持巴哈马正在进行的决策和教育活动。这种双重战略强调了战略科学（相对于传统定义的基础科学或应用科学）在阐明重要过程的同时帮助解决问题的作用。拟议的工作还将在美国和巴哈马产生大量的教育副产品。博物馆将制作和传播非正式教育产品，包括多媒体演示和网络材料。此外，研究人员将与巴哈马的伙伴组织合作，为教师培训和大学课程编写与项目有关的材料。