CAREER: Structure and Dynamics of Disordered and Out-of-Equilibrium Systems

职业：无序和非平衡系统的结构和动力学

• 批准号: 0134377
• 负责人: Robert Leheny
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: Johns Hopkins University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-01 至 2007-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0134377&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Structure; Dynamics; Disordered; Out

This CAREER development project considers an common and intriguing aspect of condensed matter systems: Many naturally occurring, or artificially structured, materials fail to achieve thermodynamic equilibrium. In some cases this is desirable, as in molecular beam epitaxy. But in bulk materials, understanding out-of-equilibrium behavior is crucial to achieve a complete description of the system. This project involves the development of an integrated education and research program designed to play a leading role in advancing the frontier field of disordered and out-of-equilibrium systems. Susceptibility studies, which characterize macroscopic response, and x-ray and neutron scattering, which directly probe microscopic behavior, will be applied in concert to model disordered systems such as liquid crystals, sheared fluids, and quenched glass formers. The objective is to illuminate essential features of the out-of-equilibrium "state" and to test new theoretical paradigms. In parallel with this, an interdisciplinary course on the science of complex fluids will be initiated at Johns Hopkins and an undergraduate thesis program for Physics and Astronomy majors will be developed. Collectively, these efforts, along with the coordination of community outreach between Hopkins and local public schools, will seek to create a prominent and productive program on the physics of out-of-equilibrium systems that strives to be inclusive of young scientists and potential scientists.This is a CAREER development project in the field of condensed matter physics. In many common materials, the microscopic constituents are subjected to forces that prevent the materials from organizing in their most energy efficient and simplest state. These forces can be "intrinsic" as in the forces between molecules that lead to a liquid cooling into glass, instead of a crystal, or "external", as for a fluid confined within tiny randomly connected pores. Again the fluid is prevented from reaching solid state with long-range order. In either case the resulting disorganization creates unique material properties that pose unusual challenges for physics. This project will develop an integrated education and research program designed to play a leading role in advancing physical insight into such "disordered" materials. The research strategy will involve experimental comparisons of different realizations of disorder in order to elucidate potentially universal features that might form the basis for a broad theoretical understanding. In parallel with this work, an interdisciplinary course on the science of these materials targeted at upper-level undergraduates and beginning graduate students will be initiated at Johns Hopkins and an undergraduate thesis program for Physics and Astronomy majors will be developed. Collectively, these efforts, along with the coordination of community outreach between Hopkins and local public schools, will seek to advance the science of disorder in a manner that strives to be inclusive of young scientists and potential scientists.

这个职业发展项目考虑了凝聚态系统的一个共同而有趣的方面：许多自然发生的或人工结构的材料无法达到热力学平衡。 在某些情况下，这是可取的，如在分子束外延。 但是在大块材料中，理解非平衡行为对于实现系统的完整描述至关重要。 该项目涉及一个综合教育和研究计划的发展，旨在推动无序和失衡系统的前沿领域发挥主导作用。 表征宏观响应的磁化率研究，以及直接探测微观行为的X射线和中子散射，将被应用于协调一致地模拟无序系统，如液晶，剪切流体和淬火玻璃形成剂。 其目的是阐明失衡“状态”的基本特征，并检验新的理论范式。 与此同时，将在约翰霍普金斯大学开设一门关于复杂流体科学的跨学科课程，并为物理学和天文学专业的本科生制定论文计划。 总的来说，这些努力，沿着与霍普金斯和当地公立学校之间的社区外展协调，将寻求创建一个突出的和富有成效的计划，对物理学的不平衡系统，努力是包容的年轻科学家和潜在的科学家。这是一个职业发展项目在凝聚态物理学领域。 在许多常见的材料中，微观成分受到阻止材料以最节能和最简单状态组织的力的影响。 这些力可以是“内在的”，如分子之间的力，导致液体冷却成玻璃，而不是晶体，或“外部”，如被限制在微小的随机连接的孔中的流体。 再次阻止流体以长程有序达到固态。 在任何一种情况下，由此产生的无序都会产生独特的材料特性，这对物理学提出了不寻常的挑战。 该项目将开发一个综合的教育和研究计划，旨在发挥主导作用，推进物理洞察这种“无序”的材料。 研究策略将涉及对障碍的不同认识的实验比较，以阐明可能形成广泛理论理解基础的潜在普遍特征。 在这项工作的同时，将在约翰霍普金斯大学启动一门针对高年级本科生和初级研究生的关于这些材料科学的跨学科课程，并将制定一项针对物理学和天文学专业的本科论文计划。 总的来说，这些努力，沿着霍普金斯和当地公立学校之间的社区外展协调，将寻求以一种努力包容年轻科学家和潜在科学家的方式推进疾病科学。