A History of Health in Europe from the Late Paleolithic Era to the Present

这项研究创建并汇编了数据，以重新解释从旧石器时代晚期到20世纪初欧洲人类健康的历史。在这一时期，人类的健康因从觅食到农耕的转变而发生了巨大的变化；城市的兴起和复杂的社会政治组织形式；欧洲殖民;和工业化。对于学者来说，骨骼是衡量和分析长期健康趋势的最佳单一来源。通过跨大西洋合作网络，该项目将收集和分析过去1万年生活在欧洲的4万人的骨骼健康指标。从许多欧洲博物馆收藏的骨骼中收集到的具体信息包括：死亡年龄；性;从长骨长度推断出的身高；牙科衰变;退行性关节疾病；创伤;骨骼感染;以及肺结核、佝偻病、麻风病等特殊疾病的发生。项目研究人员还将搜索包含10万名男性和女性身高信息的网站报告的已发表和灰色文献。与将要收集的生态信息结合起来，这些数据将有许多用途，包括对以下方面的研究：(1)健康、气候和生境；(2)卫生和向农业的过渡；(3)长期健康变化的社会和经济原因和后果；（四）妇女儿童健康；(5)创伤和暴力模式；(6)生物不平等；（七）老龄化与健康；(8)文明兴衰期间的健康状况；一个

This research creates and compiles data to reinterpret the history of human health in Europe from the late Paleolithic era to the early twentieth century. During this period, human health was transformed enormously by the transition from foraging to farming; the rise of cities and complex forms of social and political organization; European colonization; and industrialization.Skeletons are the best single source available to scholars for measuring and analyzing very long-term trends in health. With a trans-Atlantic network of collaborators, the project will gather and analyze skeletal measures of health from 40,000 individuals who lived in Europe over the past 10,000 years. Specific information collected from skeletons housed in numerous European museums includes: age at death; sex; stature inferred from long-bone lengths; dental decay; degenerative joint disease; trauma; skeletal infections; and the occurrence of specific diseases such as tuberculosis, rickets, and leprosy. Project researchers will also scour the published and the gray literature of site reports that contain information on the heights of 100,000 men and women.When combined with ecological information to be collected, the data will have numerous uses, including studies of: (1) health, climate and habitat; (2) health and the transition to farming; (3) the social and economic causes and consequences of long-term changes in health; (4) the health of women and children; (5) patterns of trauma and violence; (6) biological inequality; (7) aging and health; (8) health during the rise and fall of civilizations; a