A History of Health in Europe from the Late Paleolithic Era to the Present

这项研究创建并汇编了数据，以重新解释从旧石器时代晚期到20世纪初欧洲人类健康的历史。在此期间，人类健康发生了巨大的变化，从觅食到耕种的转变；城市的崛起和复杂形式的社会和政治组织；欧洲的殖民；以及工业化。骨骼是学者们用来衡量和分析非常长期的健康趋势的最佳单一来源。通过一个跨越大西洋的合作者网络，该项目将收集和分析过去1万年来生活在欧洲的4万人的骨骼健康指标。从许多欧洲博物馆收藏的骨骼收集的具体信息包括：死亡年龄；性别；从长骨长度推断的身高；龋齿；退行性关节疾病；创伤；骨骼感染；以及特定疾病的发生，如结核病、软骨病和麻风病。项目研究人员还将搜索已出版的和灰色文献的现场报告，其中包含10万名男性和女性的身高信息。当与要收集的生态信息相结合时，这些数据将有许多用途，包括研究：(1)健康、气候和栖息地；(2)健康和向农业的过渡；(3)健康的长期变化的社会和经济原因和后果；(4)妇女和儿童的健康；(5)创伤和暴力的模式；(6)生物不平等；(7)老龄化和健康；(8)文明兴衰期间的健康；a

This research creates and compiles data to reinterpret the history of human health in Europe from the late Paleolithic era to the early twentieth century. During this period, human health was transformed enormously by the transition from foraging to farming; the rise of cities and complex forms of social and political organization; European colonization; and industrialization.Skeletons are the best single source available to scholars for measuring and analyzing very long-term trends in health. With a trans-Atlantic network of collaborators, the project will gather and analyze skeletal measures of health from 40,000 individuals who lived in Europe over the past 10,000 years. Specific information collected from skeletons housed in numerous European museums includes: age at death; sex; stature inferred from long-bone lengths; dental decay; degenerative joint disease; trauma; skeletal infections; and the occurrence of specific diseases such as tuberculosis, rickets, and leprosy. Project researchers will also scour the published and the gray literature of site reports that contain information on the heights of 100,000 men and women.When combined with ecological information to be collected, the data will have numerous uses, including studies of: (1) health, climate and habitat; (2) health and the transition to farming; (3) the social and economic causes and consequences of long-term changes in health; (4) the health of women and children; (5) patterns of trauma and violence; (6) biological inequality; (7) aging and health; (8) health during the rise and fall of civilizations; a