Causes of Y-Chromosome Degeneration

Y染色体变性的原因

• 批准号: 0228832
• 负责人: Bryant McAllister
• 金额: $ 13.36万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2004-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0228832&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Causes; Chromosome; Degeneration

0075295McAllisterA morphologically and functionally distinct pair of sex chromosomes provides a basis for gender determination in many organisms. One chromosome (X) is shared between the two genders, and contains a normal set of functional genes; the other (Y) is restricted to one gender, and has few genes. These differences arise through a repeatable evolutionary process, because pairs of sex chromosomes have arisen multiple times from pairs of identical chromosomes (autosomes), a transition that has been demonstrated for the X-Y pair in humans. This project involves molecular and genetic analyses of Drosophila americana americana, a species with a chromosomal rearrangement that has recently transformed a pair of its autosomes into neo-sex chromosomes. The long-term objective of the study is to reveal the forces influencing loss of gene function on the male-limited neo-Y chromosome of D. a. americana. Studies will characterize the pattern of sequence variation in the region adjacent to the centromere of these neo-sex chromosomes, because this region is subjected to a gradient of restricted recombination. These data will lead to a better understanding of the relationship between recombination and the forces of mutation, selection and genetic drift.The study of Y chromosomes provides a model system for demonstrating the consequences of restricted recombination, which has implications for understanding factors influencing asexual reproduction and evolution within closely-linked regions of the genome.

0075295 McAllister一对形态和功能上不同的性染色体为许多生物的性别决定提供了基础。 一条染色体（X）是两性共有的，包含一组正常的功能基因;另一条染色体（Y）仅限于一种性别，基因很少。 这些差异是通过一个可重复的进化过程产生的，因为性染色体对已经多次从相同的染色体对（常染色体）中产生，这种转变已经在人类的X-Y对中得到证明。 该项目涉及对美洲果蝇（Drosophila americana americana）的分子和遗传分析，这是一个染色体重排的物种，最近将其一对常染色体转化为新性染色体。 这项研究的长期目标是揭示影响D. a.美国。 研究将描述这些新性染色体的着丝粒附近区域的序列变异模式，因为该区域受到限制重组的梯度。 这些数据将导致更好地了解重组和突变，选择和遗传漂变的力量之间的关系，Y染色体的研究提供了一个模型系统，展示了限制性重组的后果，这对了解影响无性繁殖和基因组紧密相连的区域内的进化的因素有影响。