Genome Arrangement and Adaptive Evolution

基因组排列和适应性进化

• 批准号: 0420399
• 负责人: Bryant McAllister
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0420399&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Genome; Arrangement; Adaptive; Evolution

Genomes of organisms are subdivided into chromosomes. Comparisons among closely related species generally reveal differences in chromosomal organization as a result of rearrangements, yet chromosomal rearrangements in humans are associated with birth defects and cancers. The consequences of naturally occurring chromosomal rearrangements and the importance of genome reorganization are essentially unknown. Rearranged chromosomes within populations represent ideal systems for determining effects of chromosomal form on organismal function. A latitudinal cline for a chromosomal rearrangement in the fly Drosophila americana is an unusually tractable system for examining the significance of chromosomal form. This project will identify DNA sequence variation associated with alternative chromosomal forms, determine the influence of the rearrangements on the maintenance of this variation, and reveal differences among individuals owing to chromosomal form. These data will test the hypothesis that the alternative chromosomal arrangements in D. americana coordinate adaptive variation along this north-south climatic gradient. Scientific training of students will be facilitated at multiple levels during the project. Two graduate students will be directly involved in data collection and analysis. Analyses of frequencies of the alternative chromosomal forms in natural populations of D. americana will be incorporated as an exercise in an undergraduate teaching laboratory. Students will gain unparalleled hands-on experience by performing and interpreting genetic analyses of genome organization.

生物体的基因组被细分为染色体。 密切相关的物种之间的比较通常会揭示由于重排而导致的染色体组织差异，但人类的染色体重排与出生缺陷和癌症有关。 自然发生的染色体重排的后果和基因组重组的重要性基本上是未知的。 群体内重排的染色体代表了确定染色体形式对有机体功能影响的理想系统。 美洲果蝇染色体重排的纬度斜线是一个非常容易处理的系统，用于检查染色体形式的重要性。 该项目将鉴定与替代染色体形式相关的DNA序列变异，确定重排对维持这种变异的影响，并揭示由于染色体形式而导致的个体差异。 这些数据将检验美洲果蝇的替代染色体排列沿着南北气候梯度协调适应性变化的假设。 项目期间将多层次促进学生的科学培训。 两名研究生将直接参与数据收集和分析。 对美洲果蝇自然种群中替代染色体形式频率的分析将作为本科生教学实验室的练习。 学生将通过执行和解释基因组组织的遗传分析获得无与伦比的实践经验。