Polymorphism as a buffer against climate fluctuations

多态性作为气候波动的缓冲

• 批准号: 1040544
• 负责人: Bryant McAllister
• 金额: $ 10.66万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-01 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1040544&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Polymorphism; buffer; against; climate; fluctuations

The cold conditions of winter 2009-10 throughout the southern US offer a rare opportunity to assess the immediate biological impacts of extreme climate fluctuation. This project will document the effects of the extremely cold winter on Drosophila americana, a fly species native to North America and distributed over a broad latitudinal range. Previous studies of this species reveal polymorphisms in genes and traits that allow persistence in time of extreme temperatures, and these genotypes and phenotypes differentiate the extreme northern and southern populations. This study will assess genotypic and phenotypic variation in southern populations to test whether polymorphisms characteristic of northern populations have a higher prevalence immediately following an extremely cold winter.Many features of the environment vary predictably in space and time, such as seasonal climate gradients in temperate regions. Organisms adapt to local conditions, yet day-to-day and year-to-year fluctuations occur as a consequence of weather systems. Genetic variation within species may play an important role in buffering populations against these fluctuations. This project will measure the immediate changes in the genetic and adaptive trait composition of populations following an extreme climatic event. The project will contribute to improved understanding of the capacity for genetic variation to buffer against climatic extremes, which is an important aspect of adaptation and persistence of species persistence as global climate and weather change.

2009- 2010年美国南部冬季的寒冷条件为评估极端气候波动的直接生物影响提供了一个难得的机会。该项目将记录极端寒冷的冬天对美洲果蝇的影响，美洲果蝇是一种原产于北美的苍蝇物种，分布在广泛的纬度范围。以前的研究表明，该物种的基因和性状的多态性，允许在极端温度的时间持久性，这些基因型和表型区分极端北方和南方人口。本研究将评估南方人群的基因型和表型变异，以测试北方人群的多态性特征是否在极端寒冷的冬季后立即具有更高的患病率。生物适应当地的条件，但每天和每年的波动发生的天气系统的结果。物种内的遗传变异可能在缓冲种群对这些波动的影响方面发挥重要作用。该项目将测量极端气候事件发生后种群遗传和适应性特征构成的即时变化。该项目将有助于更好地了解遗传变异对极端气候的缓冲能力，这是随着全球气候和天气变化而适应和保持物种持久性的一个重要方面。